Government spending on education as a share of GDP in Indonesia
Indonesia: Government spending on education as a share of GDP was 1.3% in 2023. ▼ Falling
Government spending on education as a share of GDP in Indonesia, 1972–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Indonesia recorded 1.3% for government spending on education as a share of gdp in 2023.
The figure is up 47.6% on the previous year and down 62.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, government spending on education as a share of gdp in Indonesia peaked at 3.6% in 2015 and was at its lowest, 0.9%, in 2022.
Indonesia ranks 192nd of 199 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 28 years of available data.
Government spending on education as a share of GDP in Indonesia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1972 | 2.8% | — |
| 1989 | 0.9% | -68.7% |
| 1994 | 1.0% | +14.6% |
| 1995 | 1.0% | +0.6% |
| 1996 | 1.1% | +7.4% |
| 1997 | 1.1% | -0.6% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | +129.5% |
| 2002 | 2.6% | +7.5% |
| 2003 | 3.2% | +21.6% |
| 2004 | 2.7% | -14.6% |
| 2005 | 2.9% | +4.5% |
| 2007 | 3.0% | +6.0% |
| 2008 | 2.9% | -4.7% |
| 2009 | 3.5% | +21.5% |
| 2010 | 2.8% | -20.2% |
| 2011 | 3.2% | +13.4% |
| 2012 | 3.4% | +6.8% |
| 2013 | 3.4% | -1.4% |
| 2014 | 3.3% | -2.1% |
| 2015 | 3.6% | +9.0% |
| 2016 | 1.2% | -66.2% |
| 2017 | 1.1% | -13.0% |
| 2018 | 1.0% | -5.6% |
| 2019 | 1.0% | -3.0% |
| 2020 | 1.0% | +5.3% |
| 2021 | 1.0% | +1.6% |
| 2022 | 0.9% | -16.3% |
| 2023 | 1.3% | +47.6% |
Indonesia compared with similar countries
- Indonesia's 1.3% is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is 4.2%, 30% of the median. (54 countries reporting)
- Indonesia's 1.3% is below the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is 4.2%, 30% of the median. (31 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Government spending on education as a share of GDP in Indonesia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | +129.5% | 1.1% | 2.5% |
| 1989 | -68.7% | 2.8% | 0.9% |
| 2016 | -66.2% | 3.6% | 1.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 2.8% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 1 |
| 1980s | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1 |
| 1990s | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 4 |
| 2000s | 2.9% | 2.5% | 3.5% | 8 |
| 2010s | 2.4% | 1.0% | 3.6% | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.0% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Indonesia
More education data for Indonesia
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 1.35 million (2025)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 0 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 2.73 million (2025)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 2.45 million (2025)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 27.84 million (2025)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 28.68 million (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate -1.07 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.1004 units per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is government spending on education as a share of gdp in Indonesia?
- Government spending on education as a share of gdp in Indonesia was 1.3% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest government spending on education as a share of gdp recorded in Indonesia?
- The highest recorded value was 3.6% in 2015.
- What is the lowest government spending on education as a share of gdp recorded in Indonesia?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.9% in 2022.
- How does Indonesia rank for government spending on education as a share of gdp?
- Indonesia ranks 192nd out of 199 countries with data for 2023.
- Is government spending on education as a share of gdp rising or falling in Indonesia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 62.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Indonesia data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Government spending on education as a share of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Total annual general government spending on all levels of education, expressed as a percentage of GDP.