Gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania
Romania: Gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education was 84.3% in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2023)
84.3%
Change on year
down 0.1%
World rank
152nd
of 190 countries
All-time high
99.1%
in 2001
All-time low
0.5%
in 1820
Years of data
54
1820–2023
Gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania, 1820–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026); Lee and Lee (2016) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. Measured in %.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania is 84.3%, measured in 2023.
The figure is down 0.1% on the previous year and down 9.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania peaked at 99.1% in 2001 and was at its lowest, 0.5%, in 1820.
That places Romania 152nd out of 190 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1820 | 0.5% | — |
| 1825 | 0.6% | +23.4% |
| 1830 | 0.7% | +24.1% |
| 1835 | 0.9% | +22.2% |
| 1840 | 1.1% | +23.9% |
| 1845 | 1.3% | +22.9% |
| 1850 | 1.6% | +22.4% |
| 1855 | 2.0% | +23.2% |
| 1860 | 2.5% | +22.8% |
| 1865 | 3.0% | +22.6% |
| 1870 | 3.7% | +22.4% |
| 1875 | 4.5% | +22.0% |
| 1880 | 5.5% | +22.0% |
| 1885 | 6.8% | +21.8% |
| 1890 | 8.2% | +21.3% |
| 1895 | 12.1% | +47.4% |
| 1900 | 15.9% | +32.1% |
| 1905 | 19.8% | +24.3% |
| 1910 | 23.7% | +19.6% |
| 1915 | 27.6% | +16.4% |
| 1920 | 31.5% | +14.1% |
| 1925 | 35.4% | +12.3% |
| 1930 | 39.2% | +11.0% |
| 1935 | 43.1% | +9.9% |
| 1940 | 47.0% | +9.0% |
| 1945 | 50.9% | +8.3% |
| 1950 | 54.8% | +7.6% |
| 1955 | 63.2% | +15.3% |
| 1960 | 66.7% | +5.6% |
| 1965 | 80.2% | +20.2% |
| 1970 | 89.7% | +11.9% |
| 1975 | 84.9% | -5.3% |
| 1980 | 80.2% | -5.6% |
| 2001 | 99.1% | +23.6% |
| 2002 | 98.5% | -0.7% |
| 2003 | 95.5% | -3.1% |
| 2004 | 94.4% | -1.1% |
| 2005 | 92.4% | -2.1% |
| 2006 | 93.8% | +1.4% |
| 2007 | 93.7% | -0.1% |
| 2008 | 96.7% | +3.2% |
| 2009 | 98.8% | +2.3% |
| 2010 | 97.5% | -1.4% |
| 2011 | 95.7% | -1.8% |
| 2012 | 93.4% | -2.4% |
| 2015 | 92.0% | -1.6% |
| 2016 | 90.9% | -1.2% |
| 2017 | 90.3% | -0.6% |
| 2018 | 91.5% | +1.3% |
| 2019 | 92.4% | +1.0% |
| 2020 | 91.7% | -0.8% |
| 2021 | 90.3% | -1.5% |
| 2022 | 84.3% | -6.6% |
| 2023 | 84.3% | -0.1% |
Romania compared with similar countries
- Romania's 84.3% is below the median for high income countries, which is 97.4%, 87% of the median. (64 countries reporting)
- Romania's 84.3% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 98.2%, 86% of the median. (46 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1820s | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 2 |
| 1830s | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 2 |
| 1840s | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 2 |
| 1850s | 1.8% | 1.6% | 2.0% | 2 |
| 1860s | 2.8% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 2 |
| 1870s | 4.1% | 3.7% | 4.5% | 2 |
| 1880s | 6.1% | 5.5% | 6.8% | 2 |
| 1890s | 10.1% | 8.2% | 12.1% | 2 |
| 1900s | 17.9% | 15.9% | 19.8% | 2 |
| 1910s | 25.7% | 23.7% | 27.6% | 2 |
| 1920s | 33.4% | 31.5% | 35.4% | 2 |
| 1930s | 41.2% | 39.2% | 43.1% | 2 |
| 1940s | 49.0% | 47.0% | 50.9% | 2 |
| 1950s | 59.0% | 54.8% | 63.2% | 2 |
| 1960s | 73.4% | 66.7% | 80.2% | 2 |
| 1970s | 87.3% | 84.9% | 89.7% | 2 |
| 1980s | 80.2% | 80.2% | 80.2% | 1 |
| 2000s | 95.9% | 92.4% | 99.1% | 9 |
| 2010s | 93.0% | 90.3% | 97.5% | 8 |
| 2020s | 87.6% | 84.3% | 91.7% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Romania
More education data for Romania
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 125,405 (2023)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 14,415 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 267,679 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 254,147 (2023)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 1.43 million (2023)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 873,154 (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate 0.7448 % change on previous year (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.0458 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania?
- Gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Romania was 84.3% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026); Lee and Lee (2016) – with minor processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education recorded in Romania?
- The highest recorded value was 99.1% in 2001.
- What is the lowest gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education recorded in Romania?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.5% in 1820.
- How does Romania rank for gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education?
- Romania ranks 152nd out of 190 countries with data for 2023.
- Is gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education rising or falling in Romania?
- Over the last ten years it is down 9.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Romania data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026); Lee and Lee (2016) – with minor processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Gender gap in primary, secondary and tertiary education. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Share of girls of primary school age (typically 6–11 years) who are enrolled in primary education.