Government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in Madagascar
Madagascar: Government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was 3.0% in 2023. ▼ Falling
Government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in Madagascar, 1972–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in %.
Analysis
In 2023, government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Madagascar stood at 3.0%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.7% on the previous year and up 71.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Madagascar peaked at 5.1% in 1977 and was at its lowest, 1.5%, in 1997.
That places Madagascar 149th out of 199 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 41 years of available data.
Government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in Madagascar, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1972 | 3.2% | — |
| 1973 | 2.7% | -15.7% |
| 1974 | 2.7% | -1.4% |
| 1975 | 2.5% | -5.9% |
| 1976 | 3.3% | +29.3% |
| 1977 | 5.1% | +55.3% |
| 1979 | 4.0% | -21.4% |
| 1980 | 3.4% | -15.4% |
| 1981 | 2.9% | -14.2% |
| 1982 | 2.3% | -19.4% |
| 1983 | 2.0% | -14.3% |
| 1984 | 2.2% | +10.8% |
| 1985 | 2.1% | -6.0% |
| 1993 | 1.8% | -14.3% |
| 1997 | 1.5% | -13.3% |
| 1998 | 1.6% | +3.3% |
| 1999 | 2.4% | +51.4% |
| 2000 | 2.4% | +1.4% |
| 2001 | 2.7% | +11.0% |
| 2002 | 2.2% | -17.6% |
| 2003 | 2.6% | +17.0% |
| 2004 | 2.8% | +7.7% |
| 2005 | 3.3% | +17.7% |
| 2006 | 2.8% | -14.5% |
| 2007 | 2.9% | +2.5% |
| 2008 | 2.6% | -12.0% |
| 2009 | 2.8% | +10.6% |
| 2010 | 2.3% | -19.0% |
| 2011 | 2.4% | +4.1% |
| 2012 | 2.3% | -1.7% |
| 2013 | 1.8% | -24.1% |
| 2014 | 2.4% | +34.0% |
| 2015 | 2.2% | -7.2% |
| 2016 | 2.7% | +21.6% |
| 2017 | 2.7% | +0.5% |
| 2018 | 2.8% | +5.3% |
| 2019 | 3.0% | +6.0% |
| 2020 | 3.3% | +8.0% |
| 2021 | 3.2% | -1.7% |
| 2022 | 3.1% | -4.1% |
| 2023 | 3.0% | -0.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 3.3% | 2.5% | 5.1% | 7 |
| 1980s | 2.5% | 2.0% | 3.4% | 6 |
| 1990s | 1.8% | 1.5% | 2.4% | 4 |
| 2000s | 2.7% | 2.2% | 3.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.5% | 1.8% | 3.0% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.3% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Madagascar
More education data for Madagascar
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 78,148 (2019)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 1.09 million (2024)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 507,363 (2024)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 544,966 (2024)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 1.62 million (2021)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 5.29 million (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate 3.53 % change on previous year (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0.0003 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.1656 units per person (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Madagascar?
- Government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Madagascar was 3.0% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp recorded in Madagascar?
- The highest recorded value was 5.1% in 1977.
- What is the lowest government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp recorded in Madagascar?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.5% in 1997.
- How does Madagascar rank for government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp?
- Madagascar ranks 149th out of 199 countries with data for 2023.
- Is government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp rising or falling in Madagascar?
- Over the last ten years it is up 71.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Madagascar data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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CSV · JSON — 41 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release