Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye
Türkiye: Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP was 1.1% in 2022. ▲ Rising
Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye, 1978–2022
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in %.
Analysis
The most recent figure for government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye is 1.1%, measured in 2022.
That represents a change of down 17.8% on the previous year and down 33.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye peaked at 1.7% in 2016 and was at its lowest, 0.3%, in 1986.
That places Türkiye 50th out of 173 countries with data for 2022, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1978 | 0.8% | — |
| 1979 | 0.4% | -54.5% |
| 1981 | 0.7% | +83.1% |
| 1982 | 0.5% | -28.9% |
| 1983 | 0.7% | +41.1% |
| 1984 | 0.5% | -22.6% |
| 1985 | 0.5% | -13.8% |
| 1986 | 0.3% | -25.1% |
| 1993 | 0.8% | +144.1% |
| 1994 | 1.2% | +46.5% |
| 1995 | 0.8% | -37.1% |
| 2011 | 1.5% | +96.7% |
| 2012 | 1.6% | +2.5% |
| 2013 | 1.5% | -3.0% |
| 2014 | 1.6% | +2.5% |
| 2015 | 1.5% | -3.1% |
| 2016 | 1.7% | +9.5% |
| 2017 | 1.6% | -5.2% |
| 2018 | 1.5% | -5.3% |
| 2019 | 1.3% | -10.3% |
| 2020 | 1.4% | +4.7% |
| 2021 | 1.3% | -8.3% |
| 2022 | 1.1% | -17.8% |
Türkiye compared with similar countries
- Türkiye's 1.1% is above the median for upper middle income countries, which is 0.7%, 1.4× the median. (46 countries reporting)
- Türkiye's 1.1% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.9%, 1.2× the median. (50 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | +144.1% | 0.3% | 0.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 2 |
| 1980s | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 6 |
| 1990s | 1.0% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 3 |
| 2010s | 1.5% | 1.3% | 1.7% | 9 |
| 2020s | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 3 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
More education data for Türkiye
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 788,294 (2023)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 184,302 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 1.05 million (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 980,973 (2023)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 12.31 million (2023)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 5.54 million (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate 1.87 % change on previous year (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.0649 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye?
- Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye was 1.1% in 2022, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 1.7% in 2016.
- What is the lowest government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.3% in 1986.
- How does Türkiye rank for government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp?
- Türkiye ranks 50th out of 173 countries with data for 2022.
- Is government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of gdp rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is down 33.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release