Initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye
Türkiye: Initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was 3.1% in 2022. ▲ Rising
Initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye, 1978–2022
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in %.
Analysis
In 2022, initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye stood at 3.1%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 12.5% on the previous year and down 29.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye peaked at 4.6% in 2016 and was at its lowest, 0.0%, in 1998.
Türkiye ranks 131st of 185 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 24 years of available data.
Initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1978 | 4.3% | — |
| 1979 | 2.9% | -32.9% |
| 1981 | 2.2% | -24.2% |
| 1982 | 1.8% | -20.5% |
| 1983 | 2.6% | +50.9% |
| 1984 | 2.0% | -23.4% |
| 1985 | 1.7% | -14.3% |
| 1986 | 1.5% | -13.1% |
| 1993 | 3.4% | +122.9% |
| 1994 | 3.4% | +1.8% |
| 1995 | 2.3% | -34.3% |
| 1998 | 0.0% | -100.0% |
| 2011 | 4.2% | — |
| 2012 | 4.4% | +3.9% |
| 2013 | 4.3% | -1.0% |
| 2014 | 4.4% | +1.6% |
| 2015 | 4.3% | -2.4% |
| 2016 | 4.6% | +7.5% |
| 2017 | 4.3% | -6.7% |
| 2018 | 4.3% | -0.6% |
| 2019 | 4.4% | +3.5% |
| 2020 | 4.0% | -9.4% |
| 2021 | 3.5% | -12.2% |
| 2022 | 3.1% | -12.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 3.6% | 2.9% | 4.3% | 2 |
| 1980s | 2.0% | 1.5% | 2.6% | 6 |
| 1990s | 2.3% | 0.0% | 3.4% | 4 |
| 2010s | 4.4% | 4.2% | 4.6% | 9 |
| 2020s | 3.6% | 3.1% | 4.0% | 3 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 128 Djibouti 3.2% compare
- 129 British Virgin Islands 3.2% compare
- 130 El Salvador 3.1% compare
- 132 Albania 3.1% compare
- 133 Guatemala 3.1% compare
- 134 Tanzania, United Republic of 3.1% compare
More education data for Türkiye
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 788,294 (2023)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 184,302 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 1.05 million (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 980,973 (2023)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 12.31 million (2023)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 5.54 million (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate 1.87 % change on previous year (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.0649 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye?
- Initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp in Türkiye was 3.1% in 2022, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 4.6% in 2016.
- What is the lowest initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0% in 1998.
- How does Türkiye rank for initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp?
- Türkiye ranks 131st out of 185 countries with data for 2022.
- Is initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of gdp rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is down 29.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Initial government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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CSV · JSON — 24 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release