Literacy rate, adult total in Spain

Spain: Literacy rate, adult total was 99.7% in 2021. ▲ Rising

Latest (2021)
99.7%
Change on year
up 1.1%
World rank
5th
of 89 countries
All-time high
99.7%
in 2021
All-time low
92.8%
in 1981
Years of data
18
1981–2021

Literacy rate, adult total in Spain, 1981–2021

0204060801001981200120211981: 92.8 % of people ages 15 and above1991: 96.5 % of people ages 15 and above2004: 97.2 % of people ages 15 and above2005: 97.8 % of people ages 15 and above2006: 97.8 % of people ages 15 and above2007: 97.9 % of people ages 15 and above2008: 97.6 % of people ages 15 and above2009: 97.7 % of people ages 15 and above2010: 97.8 % of people ages 15 and above2011: 97.8 % of people ages 15 and above2012: 97.9 % of people ages 15 and above2013: 98.1 % of people ages 15 and above2014: 98.1 % of people ages 15 and above2015: 98.1 % of people ages 15 and above2016: 98.2 % of people ages 15 and above2018: 98.4 % of people ages 15 and above2020: 98.6 % of people ages 15 and above2021: 99.7 % of people ages 15 and above

Source: Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of people ages 15 and above.

Analysis

In 2021, literacy rate, adult total in Spain stood at 99.7%. That is the highest value across all 18 years on record.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.1% on the previous year and up 2.0% over ten years.

Over the whole period, literacy rate, adult total in Spain peaked at 99.7% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 92.8%, in 1981.

Spain ranks 5th of 89 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 18 years of available data.

Literacy rate, adult total in Spain, year by year

Annual values for Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) in Spain, 1981 to 2021.
Year % of people ages 15 and above Change
1981 92.8%
1991 96.5% +4.0%
2004 97.2% +0.7%
2005 97.8% +0.6%
2006 97.8% +0.0%
2007 97.9% +0.2%
2008 97.6% -0.3%
2009 97.7% +0.1%
2010 97.8% +0.1%
2011 97.8% +0.0%
2012 97.9% +0.1%
2013 98.1% +0.2%
2014 98.1% +0.0%
2015 98.1% +0.1%
2016 98.2% +0.1%
2018 98.4% +0.2%
2020 98.6% +0.2%
2021 99.7% +1.1%

Spain compared with similar countries

  • Spain's 99.7% is above the median for high income countries, which is 97.7%, 1.0× the median. (12 countries reporting)
  • Spain's 99.7% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 99.7%, 1.0× the median. (10 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1980s 92.8% 92.8% 92.8% 1
1990s 96.5% 96.5% 96.5% 1
2000s 97.7% 97.2% 97.9% 6
2010s 98.1% 97.8% 98.4% 8
2020s 99.1% 98.6% 99.7% 2

Countries ranked near Spain

  1. 2 Armenia 99.8% compare
  2. 3 Azerbaijan 99.8% compare
  3. 4 Tajikistan 99.7% compare
  4. 6 Georgia 99.7% compare
  5. 7 Tonga 99.5% compare
  6. 8 Serbia 99.3% compare

See the full ranking of 128 places →

More education data for Spain

All data for Spain →

Frequently asked questions

What is literacy rate, adult total in Spain?
Literacy rate, adult total in Spain was 99.7% in 2021, according to Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
What is the highest literacy rate, adult total recorded in Spain?
The highest recorded value was 99.7% in 2021.
What is the lowest literacy rate, adult total recorded in Spain?
The lowest recorded value was 92.8% in 1981.
How does Spain rank for literacy rate, adult total?
Spain ranks 5th out of 89 countries with data for 2021.
Is literacy rate, adult total rising or falling in Spain?
Over the last ten years it is up 2.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Spain data come from?
The figures come from Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Literacy rate, adult total in Spain. Statizoid, drawing on Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Retrieved 15 September 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/literacy-rate-adult-total-percent-of-people-ages-15-and-above/spain/

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About this data

Indicator
Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)
Unit
% of people ages 15 and above
Source
Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
128 places, 2,592 data points, 1973–2024
Last refreshed

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.