{"entity":{"iso2":"ES","iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","slug":"spain"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"literacy","source":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026) \u2013 with minor processing by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/literacy","title":"Literacy rates among adults","unit":"%"},"observations":[{"date":"1981-01-01","value":92.81},{"date":"1991-01-01","value":96.49},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":97.17},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":97.75},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":97.75},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":97.94},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":97.63},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":97.68},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":97.75},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":97.78},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":97.89},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":98.08},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":98.09},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":98.14},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":98.25},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":98.44},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":98.59},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":99.7}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2021-01-01","latest_value":99.7,"max":99.7,"mean":97.6628,"min":92.81,"of":89,"rank":5,"trend":"rising"}}