Net flow: outbound), adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Spain
Spain: Net flow: outbound), adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) was 1.16 GPIA in 2023. ▼ Falling
Net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) in Spain, 2012–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.
Analysis
Spain recorded 1.16 GPIA for net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) in 2023.
The figure is up 6.1% on the previous year and down 0.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) in Spain peaked at 1.25 GPIA in 2012 and was at its lowest, 1.03 GPIA, in 2021.
That places Spain 40th out of 93 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 10 years of available data.
Net flow: outbound), adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Spain, year by year
| Year | GPIA | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 1.25 GPIA | — |
| 2013 | 1.17 GPIA | -5.9% |
| 2016 | 1.07 GPIA | -8.9% |
| 2017 | 1.08 GPIA | +1.4% |
| 2018 | 1.04 GPIA | -4.5% |
| 2019 | 1.07 GPIA | +3.0% |
| 2020 | 1.06 GPIA | -1.0% |
| 2021 | 1.03 GPIA | -2.0% |
| 2022 | 1.1 GPIA | +6.2% |
| 2023 | 1.16 GPIA | +6.1% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 1.16 GPIA is above the median for high income countries, which is 1.11 GPIA, 1.0× the median. (50 countries reporting)
- Spain's 1.16 GPIA is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 1.11 GPIA, 1.1× the median. (41 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010s | 1.11 GPIA | 1.04 GPIA | 1.25 GPIA | 6 |
| 2020s | 1.09 GPIA | 1.03 GPIA | 1.16 GPIA | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More education data for Spain
- Gender gap education levels, gaps filled 98.71 (2024)
- Primary enrollment selected countries, gaps filled 98.76 (2024)
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 344,203 (2024)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 37,817 (2024)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 570,954 (2024)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 538,977 (2024)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 3.71 million (2024)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 2.83 million (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate -1.08 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) in Spain?
- Net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) in Spain was 1.16 GPIA in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 1.25 GPIA in 2012.
- What is the lowest net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.03 GPIA in 2021.
- How does Spain rank for net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound)?
- Spain ranks 40th out of 93 countries with data for 2023.
- Is net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound) rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 0.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound - outbound), adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 10 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release