Productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain
Spain: Productivity vs. educational attainment was 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2023)
64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour
Change on year
up 1.6%
World rank
20th
of 130 countries
All-time high
64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour
in 2023
All-time low
4.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour
in 1950
Years of data
74
1950–2023
Productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain, 1950–2023
Source: Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in international-$ in 2021 prices per hour.
Analysis
In 2023, productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain stood at 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour. That is the highest value across all 74 years on record.
That represents a change of up 1.6% on the previous year and up 11.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain peaked at 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2023 and was at its lowest, 4.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour, in 1950.
Spain ranks 20th of 130 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain, year by year
| Year | international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 4.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | — |
| 1951 | 5.54 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +17.6% |
| 1952 | 5.8 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.7% |
| 1953 | 5.56 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -4.2% |
| 1954 | 6.18 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +11.2% |
| 1955 | 6.48 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.9% |
| 1956 | 6.9 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.5% |
| 1957 | 7.14 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.5% |
| 1958 | 7.35 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.9% |
| 1959 | 7.33 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.3% |
| 1960 | 8.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +13.1% |
| 1961 | 9.18 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +10.7% |
| 1962 | 10.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +9.9% |
| 1963 | 11.07 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +9.7% |
| 1964 | 11.84 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.9% |
| 1965 | 12.46 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.2% |
| 1966 | 13.27 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.4% |
| 1967 | 13.78 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.8% |
| 1968 | 14.9 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +8.2% |
| 1969 | 16.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +8.7% |
| 1970 | 16.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.7% |
| 1971 | 17.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.0% |
| 1972 | 18.51 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.0% |
| 1973 | 19.5 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.4% |
| 1974 | 20.22 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.7% |
| 1975 | 20.57 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.8% |
| 1976 | 21.73 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.6% |
| 1977 | 22.92 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.5% |
| 1978 | 24.64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.5% |
| 1979 | 26.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.9% |
| 1980 | 27.83 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.7% |
| 1981 | 27.52 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -1.1% |
| 1982 | 27.08 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -1.6% |
| 1983 | 27.01 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.3% |
| 1984 | 27.78 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.8% |
| 1985 | 27.8 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.1% |
| 1986 | 29.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.0% |
| 1987 | 30.17 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.3% |
| 1988 | 31.45 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.2% |
| 1989 | 32.74 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.1% |
| 1990 | 33.43 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.1% |
| 1991 | 34.49 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.2% |
| 1992 | 36.16 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.8% |
| 1993 | 38.04 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.2% |
| 1994 | 39.98 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.1% |
| 1995 | 41.36 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.5% |
| 1996 | 42.1 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.8% |
| 1997 | 43.43 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.1% |
| 1998 | 44.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.6% |
| 1999 | 43.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.6% |
| 2000 | 44.81 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.2% |
| 2001 | 44.95 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.3% |
| 2002 | 45.95 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.2% |
| 2003 | 44.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -2.9% |
| 2004 | 44.75 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.3% |
| 2005 | 46.65 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.2% |
| 2006 | 48.5 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.0% |
| 2007 | 51.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.6% |
| 2008 | 51.88 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.3% |
| 2009 | 54.04 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.2% |
| 2010 | 54.77 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.4% |
| 2011 | 55.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.6% |
| 2012 | 57.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.2% |
| 2013 | 57.5 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.2% |
| 2014 | 57.19 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.5% |
| 2015 | 58.98 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.1% |
| 2016 | 59.98 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.7% |
| 2017 | 61.16 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.0% |
| 2018 | 59.55 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -2.6% |
| 2019 | 62.68 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.3% |
| 2020 | 61.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -2.2% |
| 2021 | 61.42 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.2% |
| 2022 | 62.98 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.6% |
| 2023 | 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.6% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour is above the median for high income countries, which is 51.52 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour, 1.2× the median. (51 countries reporting)
- Spain's 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 46.15 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour, 1.4× the median. (47 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950s | 6.3 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 4.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 7.35 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 1960s | 12.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 8.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 16.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 1970s | 20.81 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 16.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 26.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 1980s | 28.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 27.01 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 32.74 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 1990s | 39.7 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 33.43 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 44.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 2000s | 47.74 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 44.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 54.04 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 2010s | 58.43 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 54.77 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 62.68 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 2020s | 62.42 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 61.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
- 17 United Kingdom 68.03 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 18 Italy 67.25 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 19 Singapore 65.92 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 21 Canada 61.96 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 22 Taiwan 60.85 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 23 Saudi Arabia 59.88 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
More education data for Spain
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 344,203 (2024)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 37,817 (2024)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 570,954 (2024)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 538,977 (2024)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 3.71 million (2024)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 2.83 million (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate -1.08 % change on previous year (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.058 units per person (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain?
- Productivity vs. educational attainment in Spain was 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2023, according to Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest productivity vs. educational attainment recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2023.
- What is the lowest productivity vs. educational attainment recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 4.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 1950.
- How does Spain rank for productivity vs. educational attainment?
- Spain ranks 20th out of 130 countries with data for 2023.
- Is productivity vs. educational attainment rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 11.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Productivity vs. educational attainment. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 74 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Productivity is calculated as GDP divided by the total number of hours worked in the economy. This data is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.