Government expenditure on education, total in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Government expenditure on education, total was 3.6% in 2023. ▬ Flat
Government expenditure on education, total in Upper middle income, 1999–2023
Source: Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Upper middle income recorded 3.6% for government expenditure on education, total in 2023.
That represents a change of up 2.4% on the previous year and down 14.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, government expenditure on education, total in Upper middle income peaked at 4.6% in 2009 and was at its lowest, 3.5%, in 2022.
That places Upper middle income 22nd out of 46 groups with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
Government expenditure on education, total in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 3.9% | — |
| 2000 | 3.9% | -1.0% |
| 2001 | 3.8% | -0.4% |
| 2002 | 3.6% | -6.8% |
| 2003 | 3.6% | +1.4% |
| 2004 | 4.0% | +10.3% |
| 2005 | 4.0% | +0.5% |
| 2006 | 4.0% | -0.9% |
| 2007 | 4.0% | +1.6% |
| 2008 | 3.9% | -2.5% |
| 2009 | 4.6% | +16.2% |
| 2010 | 3.9% | -15.5% |
| 2011 | 4.0% | +2.8% |
| 2012 | 4.4% | +9.9% |
| 2013 | 4.2% | -3.3% |
| 2014 | 3.9% | -8.6% |
| 2015 | 3.9% | +1.8% |
| 2016 | 3.9% | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 3.9% | +0.3% |
| 2018 | 3.9% | -1.5% |
| 2019 | 3.9% | -0.1% |
| 2020 | 4.1% | +7.1% |
| 2021 | 3.8% | -8.9% |
| 2022 | 3.5% | -6.3% |
| 2023 | 3.6% | +2.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 1 |
| 2000s | 3.9% | 3.6% | 4.6% | 10 |
| 2010s | 4.0% | 3.9% | 4.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.8% | 3.5% | 4.1% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
More education data for Upper middle income
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.0774 units per person (2024)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 237.35 million (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate 0.5256 % change on previous year (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 233.28 million (2024)
- Secondary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, teachers, gaps filled 13.41 million (2024)
- Population ages 0-14 19.6% (2025)
- Population ages 15-64 68.5% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is government expenditure on education, total in Upper middle income?
- Government expenditure on education, total in Upper middle income was 3.6% in 2023, according to Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest government expenditure on education, total recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 4.6% in 2009.
- What is the lowest government expenditure on education, total recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 3.5% in 2022.
- How does Upper middle income rank for government expenditure on education, total?
- Upper middle income ranks 22nd out of 46 groups with data for 2023.
- Is government expenditure on education, total rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is down 14.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.