Human capital composite index in Italy
Italy: Human capital composite index was 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean in 2023. ▼ Falling
Human capital composite index in Italy, 2001–2023
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in standard deviations from the yearly mean.
Analysis
In 2023, human capital composite index in Italy stood at 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 124.2% on the previous year and up 182.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, human capital composite index in Italy peaked at 0.4621 standard deviations from the yearly mean in 2001 and was at its lowest, 0.018 standard deviations from the yearly mean, in 2016.
That places Italy 63rd out of 202 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.
Human capital composite index in Italy, year by year
| Year | standard deviations from the yearly mean | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 0.4621 standard deviations from the yearly mean | — |
| 2002 | 0.4054 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -12.3% |
| 2003 | 0.3875 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -4.4% |
| 2004 | 0.4448 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +14.8% |
| 2005 | 0.3635 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -18.3% |
| 2006 | 0.4264 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +17.3% |
| 2007 | 0.3021 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -29.1% |
| 2008 | 0.2984 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -1.2% |
| 2009 | 0.2057 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -31.1% |
| 2010 | 0.2288 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +11.2% |
| 2011 | 0.1965 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -14.1% |
| 2012 | 0.1535 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -21.9% |
| 2013 | 0.1509 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -1.7% |
| 2014 | 0.1238 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -17.9% |
| 2015 | 0.118 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -4.7% |
| 2016 | 0.018 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -84.8% |
| 2017 | 0.1846 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +927.4% |
| 2018 | 0.2553 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +38.3% |
| 2019 | 0.224 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -12.3% |
| 2020 | 0.2296 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +2.5% |
| 2021 | 0.1782 standard deviations from the yearly mean | -22.4% |
| 2022 | 0.1899 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +6.5% |
| 2023 | 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean | +124.2% |
Italy compared with similar countries
- Italy's 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean is above the median for high income countries, which is 0.3622 standard deviations from the yearly mean, 1.2× the median. (75 countries reporting)
- Italy's 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.3686 standard deviations from the yearly mean, 1.2× the median. (53 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Human capital composite index in Italy changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | +927.4% | 0.018 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.1846 standard deviations from the yearly mean |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.3662 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.2057 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.4621 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 9 |
| 2010s | 0.1653 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.018 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.2553 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.2559 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.1782 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean | 4 |
Countries ranked near Italy
- 60 Slovenia 0.4592 standard deviations from the yearly mean compare
- 61 Greece 0.4553 standard deviations from the yearly mean compare
- 62 Palau 0.4541 standard deviations from the yearly mean compare
- 64 Malawi 0.4243 standard deviations from the yearly mean compare
- 65 Croatia 0.4175 standard deviations from the yearly mean compare
- 66 New Zealand 0.4004 standard deviations from the yearly mean compare
More education data for Italy
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 423,797 (2024)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 6,592 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 667,641 (2023)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 620,157 (2023)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 4.61 million (2023)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 2.63 million (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate -0.167 % change on previous year (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.0445 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is human capital composite index in Italy?
- Human capital composite index in Italy was 0.4257 standard deviations from the yearly mean in 2023, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest human capital composite index recorded in Italy?
- The highest recorded value was 0.4621 standard deviations from the yearly mean in 2001.
- What is the lowest human capital composite index recorded in Italy?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.018 standard deviations from the yearly mean in 2016.
- How does Italy rank for human capital composite index?
- Italy ranks 63rd out of 202 countries with data for 2023.
- Is human capital composite index rising or falling in Italy?
- Over the last ten years it is up 182.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Italy data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Human capital composite index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
An equal-weighted index of 4 indicators: Literacy rate, adult total; School enrollment, primary; School enrollment, secondary; Government expenditure on education, total. Each is standardised against that year's spread across all reporting countries before averaging, so a score of 0 is the average country and +1 is one standard deviation above it.
Equal-weighted mean of the standardised inputs below.
Computed from
- Literacy rate, adult total Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- School enrollment, primary Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- School enrollment, secondary Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- Government expenditure on education, total Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
An equal-weighted index of 4 indicators: Literacy rate, adult total; School enrollment, primary; School enrollment, secondary; Government expenditure on education, total. Each is standardised against that year's spread across all reporting countries before averaging, so a score of 0 is the average country and +1 is one standard deviation above it.