Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income

Low & middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index was 1 GPI in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
1 GPI
Change on year
up 0.3%
Rank
30th
of 45 groups
All-time high
1.01 GPI
in 2016
All-time low
0.8851 GPI
in 1997
Years of data
23
1997–2019

Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income, 1997–2019

00.250.50.7511997200820191997: 0.885 GPI1998: 0.893 GPI1999: 0.901 GPI2000: 0.904 GPI2001: 0.908 GPI2002: 0.913 GPI2003: 0.931 GPI2004: 0.934 GPI2005: 0.94 GPI2006: 0.946 GPI2007: 0.951 GPI2008: 0.96 GPI2009: 0.968 GPI2010: 0.968 GPI2011: 0.972 GPI2012: 0.979 GPI2013: 0.996 GPI2014: 1 GPI2015: 1 GPI2016: 1 GPI2017: 1 GPI2018: 0.998 GPI2019: 1 GPI

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPI.

Analysis

The most recent figure for gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income is 1 GPI, measured in 2019.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.3% on the previous year and up 3.4% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income peaked at 1.01 GPI in 2016 and was at its lowest, 0.8851 GPI, in 1997.

Low & middle income ranks 30th of 45 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.

Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI) in Low & middle income, 1997 to 2019.
Year GPI Change
1997 0.8851 GPI
1998 0.8926 GPI +0.9%
1999 0.9006 GPI +0.9%
2000 0.9042 GPI +0.4%
2001 0.9077 GPI +0.4%
2002 0.9128 GPI +0.6%
2003 0.9315 GPI +2.1%
2004 0.9336 GPI +0.2%
2005 0.94 GPI +0.7%
2006 0.9459 GPI +0.6%
2007 0.9513 GPI +0.6%
2008 0.96 GPI +0.9%
2009 0.9678 GPI +0.8%
2010 0.9682 GPI +0.0%
2011 0.9715 GPI +0.3%
2012 0.9792 GPI +0.8%
2013 0.9964 GPI +1.8%
2014 1 GPI +0.4%
2015 1 GPI +0.1%
2016 1.01 GPI +0.8%
2017 1.01 GPI -0.1%
2018 0.9977 GPI -1.1%
2019 1 GPI +0.3%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 0.8928 GPI 0.8851 GPI 0.9006 GPI 3
2000s 0.9355 GPI 0.9042 GPI 0.9678 GPI 10
2010s 0.9935 GPI 0.9682 GPI 1.01 GPI 10

Countries ranked near Low & middle income

  1. 27 Macau, China 1.11 GPI compare
  2. 28 Latvia 1.11 GPI compare
  3. 29 Senegal 1.11 GPI compare
  4. 30 Mauritius 1.09 GPI compare
  5. 31 Slovenia 1.09 GPI compare
  6. 32 Finland 1.09 GPI compare
  7. 33 United States of America 1.09 GPI compare

See the full ranking of 218 places →

More education data for Low & middle income

All data for Low & middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income?
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income was 1 GPI in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index recorded in Low & middle income?
The highest recorded value was 1.01 GPI in 2016.
What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index recorded in Low & middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.8851 GPI in 1997.
How does Low & middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index?
Low & middle income ranks 30th out of 45 groups with data for 2019.
Is gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index rising or falling in Low & middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 3.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Low & middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Low & middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 08 September 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-to-tertiary-gender-parity-index-gpi/low-and-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
218 places, 4,835 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.