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Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI) by country

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates...

Countries reporting
173
Highest
1.71 GPI
Qatar
Lowest
0.6234 GPI
Afghanistan
Median
1.04 GPI
Years covered
50
1970–2019
Data points
4,835

What the numbers show

Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI) is currently reported for 173 countries. The highest value is 1.71 GPI in Qatar; the lowest is 0.6234 GPI in Afghanistan.

The median across all reporting countries is 1.04 GPI, and the mean is 1.02 GPI.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 3.

Over the past decade 109 countries rose and 52 fell. The largest increase was in Yemen (up 52.5%), and the largest decrease in San Marino (down 12.8%).

Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Qatar 1.71 GPI 2019 down 4.6% rising
2 Barbados 1.2 GPI 2011 up 7.5% rising
3 Seychelles 1.19 GPI 2019 up 4.7% flat
4 Puerto Rico 1.19 GPI 2018 up 3.5% flat
5 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.18 GPI 2015 up 10.9% rising
6 Jamaica 1.18 GPI 2015 up 9.1% rising
7 Kuwait 1.18 GPI 2015 down 0.7% rising
8 Venezuela 1.17 GPI 2008 up 7.5% rising
9 Suriname 1.15 GPI 2002 down 1.7% rising
10 Argentina 1.15 GPI 2017 up 2.5% rising
11 Bermuda 1.13 GPI 2015 down 3.2% rising
12 Sweden 1.13 GPI 2018 up 2.3% rising
13 Oman 1.13 GPI 2019 up 6.4% rising
14 New Zealand 1.13 GPI 2018 down 0.1% rising
15 Palestine 1.13 GPI 2019 up 4.7% rising
16 Uruguay 1.13 GPI 2006 down 5.4% rising
17 Estonia 1.12 GPI 2018 down 5.6% rising
18 Bahrain 1.12 GPI 2019 down 1.6% rising
19 Albania 1.12 GPI 2019 up 6.6% rising
20 Poland 1.12 GPI 2018 up 1.7% rising
21 Tunisia 1.12 GPI 2016 up 4.5% rising
22 Iceland 1.12 GPI 2018 down 2.8% rising
23 Belgium 1.12 GPI 2018 up 0.3% rising
24 Mongolia 1.12 GPI 2010 down 6.0% falling
25 Dominican Republic 1.11 GPI 2017 up 4.6% flat
26 Croatia 1.11 GPI 2018 up 4.3% rising
27 Macao 1.11 GPI 2019 up 18.0% rising
28 Latvia 1.11 GPI 2018 down 7.8% rising
29 Senegal 1.11 GPI 2019 up 19.2% rising
30 Mauritius 1.09 GPI 2017 up 6.7% rising
31 Slovenia 1.09 GPI 2018 down 3.0% rising
32 Finland 1.09 GPI 2018 up 1.2% flat
33 United States 1.09 GPI 2018 down 0.8% rising
34 Norway 1.09 GPI 2018 up 0.3% rising
35 Serbia 1.09 GPI 2019 up 2.0% flat
36 Slovakia 1.08 GPI 2018 down 2.1% rising
37 Panama 1.08 GPI 2016 down 1.0% rising
38 Honduras 1.08 GPI 2017 down 1.7% rising
39 Armenia 1.08 GPI 2019 up 5.6% flat
40 Brunei 1.08 GPI 2019 up 5.0% rising
41 Aruba 1.08 GPI 2012 up 5.9% rising
42 Denmark 1.08 GPI 2018 down 1.1% rising
43 Canada 1.08 GPI 2018 up 0.9% rising
44 Saint Lucia 1.07 GPI 2019 up 0.6% flat
45 Czechia 1.07 GPI 2018 up 0.9% rising
46 Israel 1.07 GPI 2018 up 1.7% flat
47 Bhutan 1.07 GPI 2018 up 7.7% rising
48 Costa Rica 1.07 GPI 2019 up 2.4% rising
49 Lithuania 1.07 GPI 2018 down 4.8% flat
50 Cuba 1.07 GPI 2018 down 10.3% rising
51 Lesotho 1.07 GPI 2017 up 4.2% falling
52 United Kingdom 1.07 GPI 2018 up 0.0% rising
53 Romania 1.07 GPI 2018 down 2.2% rising
54 Malta 1.07 GPI 2018 up 4.5% rising
55 Samoa 1.07 GPI 2000 — flat
56 Kiribati 1.07 GPI 2008 up 0.5% rising
57 Montenegro 1.07 GPI 2019 up 0.7% flat
58 Australia 1.07 GPI 2018 — rising
59 Ireland 1.06 GPI 2018 up 5.3% flat
60 Grenada 1.06 GPI 2018 down 1.5% flat
61 Spain 1.06 GPI 2018 down 1.3% rising
62 Bangladesh 1.06 GPI 2018 up 1.8% rising
63 British Virgin Islands 1.06 GPI 2018 down 3.2% falling
64 Brazil 1.06 GPI 2011 up 2.7% flat
65 Thailand 1.06 GPI 2016 up 3.2% rising
66 Malaysia 1.06 GPI 2017 down 0.6% rising
67 Paraguay 1.05 GPI 2010 up 4.3% rising
68 Nicaragua 1.05 GPI 2002 down 12.6% rising
69 Philippines 1.05 GPI 2017 down 0.0% flat
70 China 1.05 GPI 2019 up 5.5% rising
71 Austria 1.05 GPI 2018 down 0.0% rising
72 South Africa 1.05 GPI 2018 up 1.8% flat
73 Cape Verde 1.05 GPI 2018 up 0.8% flat
74 France 1.05 GPI 2018 up 0.7% flat
75 Mauritania 1.05 GPI 2019 up 5.5% rising
76 Hungary 1.05 GPI 2018 down 2.4% rising
77 Kazakhstan 1.04 GPI 2019 up 0.5% flat
78 Italy 1.04 GPI 2018 down 2.1% rising
79 Colombia 1.04 GPI 2018 up 0.7% rising
80 Sri Lanka 1.04 GPI 2018 up 2.0% flat
81 Algeria 1.04 GPI 2011 up 4.2% flat
82 Georgia 1.04 GPI 2019 down 0.7% rising
83 Mexico 1.04 GPI 2018 up 3.7% rising
84 Ecuador 1.04 GPI 2015 — rising
85 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.04 GPI 2015 up 1.4% flat
86 Trinidad and Tobago 1.04 GPI 2004 up 3.8% flat
87 Ukraine 1.04 GPI 2014 down 1.5% flat
88 Myanmar 1.04 GPI 2018 — rising
89 Moldova 1.04 GPI 2019 down 4.0% flat
90 North Macedonia 1.04 GPI 2018 up 3.7% flat
91 Netherlands 1.04 GPI 2018 up 3.4% rising
92 Tonga 1.04 GPI 2002 — rising
93 India 1.04 GPI 2019 up 7.2% rising
94 Libya 1.03 GPI 2003 — rising
95 Chile 1.03 GPI 2018 up 4.1% flat
96 Belarus 1.03 GPI 2018 down 6.6% falling
97 Belize 1.03 GPI 2019 down 0.2% flat
98 Bulgaria 1.03 GPI 2018 down 1.6% flat
99 Hong Kong 1.03 GPI 2019 up 6.3% rising
100 Nepal 1.03 GPI 2019 up 8.9% rising
101 Fiji 1.03 GPI 2004 — rising
102 Kyrgyzstan 1.03 GPI 2019 down 4.7% flat
103 Jordan 1.03 GPI 2018 down 0.6% rising
104 Maldives 1.03 GPI 2003 up 3.8% flat
105 Russia 1.02 GPI 2018 down 8.1% falling
106 Burundi 1.02 GPI 2018 up 16.7% rising
107 Tanzania 1.02 GPI 2019 up 4.9% rising
108 Guyana 1.02 GPI 2012 down 2.1% flat
109 Azerbaijan 1.02 GPI 2019 — rising
110 Nauru 1.02 GPI 2008 down 12.5% flat
111 Sao Tome and Principe 1.02 GPI 2015 up 3.7% rising
112 Indonesia 1.01 GPI 2018 up 4.0% rising
113 Portugal 1.01 GPI 2018 down 2.2% rising
114 Cyprus 1.01 GPI 2018 up 2.2% flat
115 Luxembourg 1.01 GPI 2018 up 0.7% rising
116 Namibia 1 GPI 2006 down 1.5% flat
117 Madagascar 1 GPI 2018 up 4.3% rising
118 Gibraltar 1 GPI 2009 up 14.5% falling
119 Rwanda 0.9988 GPI 2019 down 0.5% rising
120 Ghana 0.9978 GPI 2019 up 6.6% rising
121 Egypt 0.9967 GPI 2017 up 3.4% rising
122 Germany 0.9951 GPI 2018 up 1.4% rising
123 Greece 0.9928 GPI 2018 down 0.2% rising
124 Burkina Faso 0.9896 GPI 2019 up 17.1% rising
125 Botswana 0.989 GPI 2006 down 1.6% falling
126 Malawi 0.9874 GPI 2011 up 9.0% rising
127 El Salvador 0.9871 GPI 2018 up 1.6% rising
128 Saudi Arabia 0.9868 GPI 2019 up 1.9% rising
129 Congo 0.9862 GPI 2012 up 14.0% rising
130 Switzerland 0.9861 GPI 2018 up 1.2% rising
131 Djibouti 0.9849 GPI 2011 up 38.8% rising
132 Peru 0.9843 GPI 2017 down 3.0% rising
133 Syria 0.9819 GPI 2013 up 3.9% rising
134 Uzbekistan 0.9811 GPI 2019 up 0.5% flat
135 Iran 0.9757 GPI 2017 down 3.2% rising
136 Guatemala 0.9735 GPI 2015 up 3.0% rising
137 San Marino 0.9641 GPI 2019 down 12.8% falling
138 Gabon 0.9612 GPI 1999 up 0.1% rising
139 Morocco 0.9568 GPI 2019 up 7.0% rising
140 Laos 0.9541 GPI 2019 up 10.8% rising
141 Turkey 0.9536 GPI 2018 up 6.1% rising
142 Zimbabwe 0.9451 GPI 2013 up 1.9% rising
143 Uganda 0.945 GPI 2004 up 6.9% rising
144 Kenya 0.9428 GPI 2009 down 2.0% rising
145 Sudan 0.9416 GPI 2015 up 3.8% rising
146 Vanuatu 0.9345 GPI 2004 down 1.5% flat
147 South Korea 0.9231 GPI 2018 up 2.1% rising
148 Mozambique 0.911 GPI 2017 up 8.6% rising
149 Solomon Islands 0.9085 GPI 2007 up 3.1% rising
150 Eswatini 0.9016 GPI 2013 down 3.4% flat
151 Ethiopia 0.9008 GPI 2012 up 30.6% rising
152 Nigeria 0.8964 GPI 2011 up 9.1% rising
153 Cameroon 0.8867 GPI 2016 up 7.7% rising
154 Cambodia 0.8838 GPI 2008 up 10.3% rising
155 Tajikistan 0.8826 GPI 2013 up 5.1% flat
156 Zambia 0.8728 GPI 1988 up 3.9% rising
157 Togo 0.8539 GPI 2017 up 16.0% rising
158 Benin 0.8529 GPI 2016 up 20.3% rising
159 Mali 0.8528 GPI 2017 up 10.5% rising
160 Pakistan 0.8484 GPI 2018 up 4.7% rising
161 Eritrea 0.8472 GPI 2015 up 19.3% rising
162 Cote d'Ivoire 0.8425 GPI 2017 — rising
163 Liechtenstein 0.8359 GPI 2018 down 1.0% flat
164 Niger 0.8317 GPI 2017 up 21.7% rising
165 Democratic Republic of Congo 0.8149 GPI 2013 up 11.8% rising
166 Iraq 0.7743 GPI 2004 up 1.9% rising
167 Guinea 0.7616 GPI 2014 up 14.7% rising
168 Sierra Leone 0.7386 GPI 2001 — rising
169 Yemen 0.7342 GPI 2011 up 52.5% rising
170 Liberia 0.7221 GPI 2000 — rising
171 Central African Republic 0.7064 GPI 2012 — rising
172 Chad 0.6908 GPI 2015 up 14.0% rising
173 Afghanistan 0.6234 GPI 2018 up 3.1% volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 28 August 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-to-tertiary-gender-parity-index-gpi/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
218 places, 4,835 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.