Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income

Upper middle income: Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre was 5.32 units per square kilometre in 2023. ▼ Falling

Latest (2023)
5.32 units per square kilometre
Change on year
down 0.5%
Rank
31st
of 45 groups
All-time high
6.49 units per square kilometre
in 1982
All-time low
4.74 units per square kilometre
in 1971
Years of data
54
1970–2023

Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income, 1970–2023

0246197019962023

Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in units per square kilometre.

Analysis

Upper middle income recorded 5.32 units per square kilometre for primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in 2023.

The figure is down 0.5% on the previous year and up 3.7% over ten years.

Over the whole period, primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income peaked at 6.49 units per square kilometre in 1982 and was at its lowest, 4.74 units per square kilometre, in 1971.

That places Upper middle income 31st out of 45 groups with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 54 years of available data.

Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income, year by year

Annual values for Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income, 1970 to 2023.
Year units per square kilometre Change
1970 4.78 units per square kilometre
1971 4.74 units per square kilometre -0.8%
1972 4.96 units per square kilometre +4.7%
1973 5.37 units per square kilometre +8.1%
1974 5.67 units per square kilometre +5.7%
1975 5.96 units per square kilometre +5.1%
1976 6.17 units per square kilometre +3.6%
1977 6.23 units per square kilometre +0.9%
1978 6.24 units per square kilometre +0.1%
1979 6.33 units per square kilometre +1.5%
1980 6.45 units per square kilometre +1.9%
1981 6.47 units per square kilometre +0.3%
1982 6.49 units per square kilometre +0.3%
1983 6.44 units per square kilometre -0.7%
1984 6.44 units per square kilometre -0.1%
1985 6.48 units per square kilometre +0.6%
1986 6.41 units per square kilometre -1.0%
1987 6.44 units per square kilometre +0.4%
1988 6.43 units per square kilometre -0.2%
1989 6.39 units per square kilometre -0.6%
1990 6.43 units per square kilometre +0.7%
1991 6.39 units per square kilometre -0.7%
1992 5.78 units per square kilometre -9.5%
1993 5.81 units per square kilometre +0.5%
1994 5.88 units per square kilometre +1.2%
1995 5.88 units per square kilometre -0.0%
1996 5.97 units per square kilometre +1.5%
1997 6.16 units per square kilometre +3.3%
1998 6.15 units per square kilometre -0.2%
1999 6.26 units per square kilometre +1.8%
2000 6.1 units per square kilometre -2.6%
2001 5.98 units per square kilometre -1.9%
2002 5.73 units per square kilometre -4.2%
2003 5.43 units per square kilometre -5.2%
2004 5.69 units per square kilometre +4.7%
2005 5.52 units per square kilometre -2.9%
2006 5.35 units per square kilometre -3.2%
2007 5.37 units per square kilometre +0.4%
2008 5.3 units per square kilometre -1.2%
2009 5.24 units per square kilometre -1.3%
2010 5.16 units per square kilometre -1.4%
2011 5.13 units per square kilometre -0.7%
2012 5.11 units per square kilometre -0.4%
2013 5.12 units per square kilometre +0.3%
2014 5.03 units per square kilometre -1.9%
2015 5.04 units per square kilometre +0.2%
2016 5.09 units per square kilometre +1.1%
2017 5.14 units per square kilometre +0.8%
2018 5.18 units per square kilometre +0.9%
2019 5.26 units per square kilometre +1.4%
2020 5.31 units per square kilometre +0.9%
2021 5.33 units per square kilometre +0.5%
2022 5.34 units per square kilometre +0.2%
2023 5.32 units per square kilometre -0.5%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 5.64 units per square kilometre 4.74 units per square kilometre 6.33 units per square kilometre 10
1980s 6.44 units per square kilometre 6.39 units per square kilometre 6.49 units per square kilometre 10
1990s 6.07 units per square kilometre 5.78 units per square kilometre 6.43 units per square kilometre 10
2000s 5.57 units per square kilometre 5.24 units per square kilometre 6.1 units per square kilometre 10
2010s 5.13 units per square kilometre 5.03 units per square kilometre 5.26 units per square kilometre 10
2020s 5.33 units per square kilometre 5.31 units per square kilometre 5.34 units per square kilometre 4

Countries ranked near Upper middle income

  1. 28 Barbados 40.02 units per square kilometre compare
  2. 29 American Samoa 39.42 units per square kilometre compare
  3. 30 Sao Tome and Principe 38.72 units per square kilometre compare
  4. 31 Nigeria 36.69 units per square kilometre compare
  5. 32 Netherlands 33.95 units per square kilometre compare
  6. 33 Marshall Islands 32.31 units per square kilometre compare
  7. 34 Pakistan 31.93 units per square kilometre compare

See the full ranking of 251 places →

More education data for Upper middle income

All data for Upper middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income?
Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income was 5.32 units per square kilometre in 2023, according to Statizoid (derived).
What is the highest primary education, pupils, per square kilometre recorded in Upper middle income?
The highest recorded value was 6.49 units per square kilometre in 1982.
What is the lowest primary education, pupils, per square kilometre recorded in Upper middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 4.74 units per square kilometre in 1971.
How does Upper middle income rank for primary education, pupils, per square kilometre?
Upper middle income ranks 31st out of 45 groups with data for 2023.
Is primary education, pupils, per square kilometre rising or falling in Upper middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 3.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

Download this data

CSV · JSON — 54 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.

Share, cite or embed this page

Cite this page

Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income. Statizoid, drawing on Statizoid (derived). Retrieved 02 September 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/primary-education-pupils-per-square-kilometre/upper-middle-income/

Embed or link this data

Paste this into a page to link back to these figures. The data itself is free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page; please keep the attribution.

<a href="https://education.statizoid.com/stat/primary-education-pupils-per-square-kilometre/upper-middle-income/">Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre in Upper middle income</a> — Statizoid

How this figure is calculated

Primary education, pupils divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.

Primary education, pupils ÷ Land area (sq. km)

Computed from

Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.

About this data

Indicator
Primary education, pupils, per square kilometre
Unit
units per square kilometre
Source
Statizoid (derived)
Licence
Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page
Coverage
251 places, 10,846 data points, 1970–2023
Last refreshed

Primary education, pupils divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.