Productivity vs. educational attainment in India
India: Productivity vs. educational attainment was 8.06 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2023)
8.06 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour
Change on year
down 0.3%
World rank
105th
of 130 countries
All-time high
8.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour
in 2021
All-time low
1.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour
in 1985
Years of data
54
1970–2023
Productivity vs. educational attainment in India, 1970–2023
Source: Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in international-$ in 2021 prices per hour.
Analysis
In 2023, productivity vs. educational attainment in India stood at 8.06 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour.
That represents a change of down 0.3% on the previous year and up 34.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, productivity vs. educational attainment in India peaked at 8.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2021 and was at its lowest, 1.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour, in 1985.
That places India 105th out of 130 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Productivity vs. educational attainment in India, year by year
| Year | international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | — |
| 1971 | 1.88 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.2% |
| 1972 | 1.89 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.4% |
| 1973 | 1.94 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.1% |
| 1974 | 1.88 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -3.2% |
| 1975 | 2.01 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.6% |
| 1976 | 1.92 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -4.0% |
| 1977 | 1.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -3.6% |
| 1978 | 1.77 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -4.8% |
| 1979 | 1.6 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -9.4% |
| 1980 | 1.59 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.5% |
| 1981 | 1.53 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -3.6% |
| 1982 | 1.46 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -4.9% |
| 1983 | 1.46 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.0% |
| 1984 | 1.42 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -2.5% |
| 1985 | 1.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -1.1% |
| 1986 | 1.42 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +1.3% |
| 1987 | 1.46 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.4% |
| 1988 | 1.53 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.7% |
| 1989 | 1.59 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.0% |
| 1990 | 1.64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.1% |
| 1991 | 1.65 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +0.6% |
| 1992 | 1.7 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.0% |
| 1993 | 1.74 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.7% |
| 1994 | 1.82 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.4% |
| 1995 | 1.95 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.1% |
| 1996 | 2.08 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.8% |
| 1997 | 2.15 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +3.4% |
| 1998 | 2.31 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.2% |
| 1999 | 2.44 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.7% |
| 2000 | 2.49 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.2% |
| 2001 | 2.56 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.8% |
| 2002 | 2.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +2.7% |
| 2003 | 2.79 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.1% |
| 2004 | 2.96 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.3% |
| 2005 | 3.36 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +13.2% |
| 2006 | 3.76 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +12.1% |
| 2007 | 4.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +11.6% |
| 2008 | 4.39 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.7% |
| 2009 | 4.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.4% |
| 2010 | 5.31 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +14.5% |
| 2011 | 5.69 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.2% |
| 2012 | 6.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.7% |
| 2013 | 5.98 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -2.4% |
| 2014 | 6.22 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.1% |
| 2015 | 6.55 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +5.3% |
| 2016 | 6.95 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +6.1% |
| 2017 | 7.25 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +4.2% |
| 2018 | 7.78 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +7.4% |
| 2019 | 7.46 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -4.1% |
| 2020 | 7.24 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -2.9% |
| 2021 | 8.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | +12.0% |
| 2022 | 8.08 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.4% |
| 2023 | 8.06 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | -0.3% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's 8.06 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour is below the median for lower middle income countries, which is 8.22 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour, 98% of the median. (26 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 1.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 1.6 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 2.01 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.49 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 1.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 1.59 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.95 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 1.64 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 2.44 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 2000s | 3.38 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 2.49 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 4.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 2010s | 6.53 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 5.31 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 7.78 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 10 |
| 2020s | 7.88 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 7.24 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 8.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour | 4 |
Countries ranked near India
- 102 Myanmar 8.74 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 103 Tajikistan 8.5 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 104 Pakistan 8.38 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 106 Kenya 7.77 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 107 Bangladesh 7.72 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
- 108 Cote d'Ivoire 7.61 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour compare
More education data for India
- Teachers in secondary education, both sexes (number), gaps filled 7.31 million (2025)
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps 3.10 million (2025)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, male (number), gaps filled 19.37 million (2025)
- Enrolment in pre-primary education, female (number), gaps filled 18.52 million (2025)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 133.16 million (2025)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 126.12 million (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate -8.85 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.0862 units per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is productivity vs. educational attainment in India?
- Productivity vs. educational attainment in India was 8.06 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2023, according to Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest productivity vs. educational attainment recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 8.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 2021.
- What is the lowest productivity vs. educational attainment recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per hour in 1985.
- How does India rank for productivity vs. educational attainment?
- India ranks 105th out of 130 countries with data for 2023.
- Is productivity vs. educational attainment rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 34.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Productivity vs. educational attainment. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
Productivity is calculated as GDP divided by the total number of hours worked in the economy. This data is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.