Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Lower middle income
Lower middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index was 1 GPI in 2019. ▲ Rising
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Lower middle income, 1997–2019
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPI.
Analysis
Lower middle income recorded 1 GPI for gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in 2019.
That represents a change of up 0.5% on the previous year and up 5.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Lower middle income peaked at 1.02 GPI in 2016 and was at its lowest, 0.8263 GPI, in 1997.
That places Lower middle income 28th out of 45 groups with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Lower middle income, year by year
| Year | GPI | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 0.8263 GPI | — |
| 1998 | 0.836 GPI | +1.2% |
| 1999 | 0.8451 GPI | +1.1% |
| 2000 | 0.8495 GPI | +0.5% |
| 2001 | 0.8574 GPI | +0.9% |
| 2002 | 0.8673 GPI | +1.2% |
| 2003 | 0.9084 GPI | +4.7% |
| 2004 | 0.9083 GPI | -0.0% |
| 2005 | 0.9159 GPI | +0.8% |
| 2006 | 0.9228 GPI | +0.8% |
| 2007 | 0.9283 GPI | +0.6% |
| 2008 | 0.942 GPI | +1.5% |
| 2009 | 0.9537 GPI | +1.2% |
| 2010 | 0.9559 GPI | +0.2% |
| 2011 | 0.9599 GPI | +0.4% |
| 2012 | 0.9716 GPI | +1.2% |
| 2013 | 1 GPI | +3.4% |
| 2014 | 1.01 GPI | +0.5% |
| 2015 | 1.01 GPI | +0.1% |
| 2016 | 1.02 GPI | +1.2% |
| 2017 | 1.02 GPI | -0.1% |
| 2018 | 0.9977 GPI | -2.3% |
| 2019 | 1 GPI | +0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.8358 GPI | 0.8263 GPI | 0.8451 GPI | 3 |
| 2000s | 0.9054 GPI | 0.8495 GPI | 0.9537 GPI | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.9955 GPI | 0.9559 GPI | 1.02 GPI | 10 |
Countries ranked near Lower middle income
More education data for Lower middle income
- Secondary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, teachers, gaps filled 11.30 million (2024)
- Population ages 15-64 64.5% (2025)
- Population ages 0-14 29.5% (2025)
- Secondary education, pupils, gaps filled 265.94 million (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per capita 0.1181 units per person (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, gaps filled 343.48 million (2024)
- Primary education, pupils, per unit of GDP 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Primary education, duration (years), annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary education, pupils, annual growth rate 2.58 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Lower middle income?
- Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Lower middle income was 1 GPI in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index recorded in Lower middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 1.02 GPI in 2016.
- What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index recorded in Lower middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.8263 GPI in 1997.
- How does Lower middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index?
- Lower middle income ranks 28th out of 45 groups with data for 2019.
- Is gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index rising or falling in Lower middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 5.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.