Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income

Upper middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index was 1.04 GPI in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
1.04 GPI
Change on year
up 0.3%
Rank
16th
of 45 groups
All-time high
1.04 GPI
in 2019
All-time low
0.961 GPI
in 1998
Years of data
22
1998–2019

Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income, 1998–2019

00.250.50.7511998200820191998: 0.961 GPI1999: 0.968 GPI2000: 0.973 GPI2001: 0.973 GPI2002: 0.977 GPI2003: 0.98 GPI2004: 0.986 GPI2005: 0.991 GPI2006: 0.996 GPI2007: 1 GPI2008: 1 GPI2009: 1 GPI2010: 1 GPI2011: 1 GPI2012: 1 GPI2013: 1 GPI2014: 1 GPI2015: 1 GPI2016: 1 GPI2017: 1 GPI2018: 1 GPI2019: 1 GPI

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPI.

Analysis

In 2019, gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income stood at 1.04 GPI. That is the highest value across all 22 years on record.

The figure is up 0.3% on the previous year and up 2.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income peaked at 1.04 GPI in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.961 GPI, in 1998.

That places Upper middle income 16th out of 45 groups with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 22 years of available data.

Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI) in Upper middle income, 1998 to 2019.
Year GPI Change
1998 0.961 GPI
1999 0.9676 GPI +0.7%
2000 0.9725 GPI +0.5%
2001 0.9732 GPI +0.1%
2002 0.9769 GPI +0.4%
2003 0.9799 GPI +0.3%
2004 0.9862 GPI +0.6%
2005 0.9906 GPI +0.4%
2006 0.9963 GPI +0.6%
2007 1 GPI +0.7%
2008 1.01 GPI +0.5%
2009 1.01 GPI +0.4%
2010 1.01 GPI -0.1%
2011 1.02 GPI +0.3%
2012 1.02 GPI +0.5%
2013 1.02 GPI +0.4%
2014 1.03 GPI +0.6%
2015 1.03 GPI -0.1%
2016 1.04 GPI +0.6%
2017 1.03 GPI -0.2%
2018 1.04 GPI +0.2%
2019 1.04 GPI +0.3%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 0.9643 GPI 0.961 GPI 0.9676 GPI 2
2000s 0.9902 GPI 0.9725 GPI 1.01 GPI 10
2010s 1.03 GPI 1.01 GPI 1.04 GPI 10

Countries ranked near Upper middle income

  1. 13 Oman 1.13 GPI compare
  2. 14 New Zealand 1.13 GPI compare
  3. 15 Palestine, State of 1.13 GPI compare
  4. 16 Uruguay 1.13 GPI compare
  5. 17 Estonia 1.12 GPI compare
  6. 18 Bahrain 1.12 GPI compare
  7. 19 Albania 1.12 GPI compare

See the full ranking of 218 places →

More education data for Upper middle income

All data for Upper middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income?
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income was 1.04 GPI in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index recorded in Upper middle income?
The highest recorded value was 1.04 GPI in 2019.
What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index recorded in Upper middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.961 GPI in 1998.
How does Upper middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index?
Upper middle income ranks 16th out of 45 groups with data for 2019.
Is gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index rising or falling in Upper middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 2.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index in Upper middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 05 September 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-to-tertiary-gender-parity-index-gpi/upper-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary to tertiary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
218 places, 4,835 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.