Proportion of pupils enrolled in primary education who are at least 2 years over-age for their current grade, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country
February 2026 Data Release
Countries reporting
183
Highest
2 GPIA
Iceland
Lowest
0 GPIA
Cook Islands
Median
0.7692 GPIA
Years covered
29
1997–2025
Data points
6,759
What the numbers show
Proportion of pupils enrolled in primary education who are at least 2 years over-age for their current grade, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 183 countries. The highest value is 2 GPIA in Iceland; the lowest is 0 GPIA in Cook Islands.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.7692 GPIA, and the mean is 0.8057 GPIA.
Over the past decade 90 countries rose and 86 fell. The largest increase was in Tokelau (up 226.5%), and the largest decrease in Monaco (down 100.0%).
Proportion of pupils enrolled in primary education who are at least 2: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iceland | 2 GPIA | 2023 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 1 | Liechtenstein | 2 GPIA | 2021 | up 95.0% | rising |
| 1 | Tokelau | 2 GPIA | 2025 | up 226.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Naoero | 1.61 GPIA | 2025 | up 4.4% | flat |
| 5 | Niue | 1.47 GPIA | 2025 | up 47.3% | falling |
| 6 | Cape Verde | 1.28 GPIA | 2022 | up 112.0% | falling |
| 7 | Dominica | 1.25 GPIA | 2025 | up 182.9% | rising |
| 8 | Côte d'Ivoire | 1.24 GPIA | 2024 | up 33.5% | rising |
| 9 | Congo | 1.18 GPIA | 2023 | up 22.0% | rising |
| 10 | Nepal | 1.09 GPIA | 2024 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 11 | Mali | 1.06 GPIA | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 12 | San Marino | 1.05 GPIA | 2024 | up 4.5% | falling |
| 13 | Egypt | 1.02 GPIA | 2024 | up 61.8% | rising |
| 14 | Sierra Leone | 1.01 GPIA | 2024 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 15 | Mauritania | 1.01 GPIA | 2024 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 16 | Yemen | 1.01 GPIA | 2016 | up 8.9% | rising |
| 17 | Indonesia | 1 GPIA | 2025 | down 23.2% | falling |
| 18 | United Arab Emirates | 1 GPIA | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 18 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 1 GPIA | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 18 | Guyana | 1 GPIA | 2023 | up 71.0% | rising |
| 18 | Malaysia | 1 GPIA | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 18 | Norway | 1 GPIA | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 18 | Tuvalu | 1 GPIA | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 18 | Montserrat | 1 GPIA | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
| 25 | Ukraine | 0.9993 GPIA | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 26 | Chad | 0.9972 GPIA | 2024 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 27 | Belarus | 0.9966 GPIA | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 28 | Papua New Guinea | 0.9952 GPIA | 2023 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 29 | Myanmar | 0.9913 GPIA | 2010 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 30 | Liberia | 0.9897 GPIA | 2022 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 31 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 0.9889 GPIA | 2024 | up 50.1% | rising |
| 32 | Cayman Islands | 0.9776 GPIA | 2024 | up 157.4% | falling |
| 33 | Burkina Faso | 0.9713 GPIA | 2024 | down 0.5% | rising |
| 34 | Niger | 0.9697 GPIA | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 35 | Senegal | 0.9624 GPIA | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 36 | Togo | 0.9591 GPIA | 2024 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 37 | Mauritius | 0.9553 GPIA | 2024 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 38 | Seychelles | 0.9526 GPIA | 2024 | up 49.7% | volatile |
| 39 | Gambia | 0.9482 GPIA | 2025 | up 4.5% | flat |
| 40 | Ethiopia | 0.9432 GPIA | 2024 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 41 | Cameroon | 0.9421 GPIA | 2024 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 42 | Uganda | 0.9404 GPIA | 2017 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 43 | United States of America | 0.9399 GPIA | 2023 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 44 | Saudi Arabia | 0.935 GPIA | 2024 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 45 | Malawi | 0.9293 GPIA | 2024 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 46 | Serbia | 0.9292 GPIA | 2024 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 47 | Eritrea | 0.9242 GPIA | 2022 | up 28.1% | falling |
| 48 | Comoros | 0.9224 GPIA | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 49 | Central African Republic | 0.922 GPIA | 2012 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 50 | Solomon Islands | 0.921 GPIA | 2024 | down 5.1% | flat |
| 51 | Rwanda | 0.9209 GPIA | 2024 | up 3.7% | flat |
| 52 | Zambia | 0.9199 GPIA | 2017 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 53 | Armenia | 0.919 GPIA | 2024 | up 11.2% | falling |
| 54 | Guinea | 0.9147 GPIA | 2020 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 55 | Belgium | 0.913 GPIA | 2023 | up 3.4% | flat |
| 56 | Djibouti | 0.9081 GPIA | 2023 | down 4.0% | rising |
| 57 | Madagascar | 0.9078 GPIA | 2024 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 58 | Burundi | 0.9045 GPIA | 2025 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 59 | Lithuania | 0.9035 GPIA | 2024 | up 11.8% | falling |
| 60 | Mozambique | 0.9016 GPIA | 2022 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 61 | Türkiye | 0.9011 GPIA | 2023 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 62 | Bangladesh | 0.8972 GPIA | 2024 | down 13.6% | falling |
| 63 | Benin | 0.8935 GPIA | 2022 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 64 | New Zealand | 0.893 GPIA | 2024 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 65 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.8818 GPIA | 2024 | up 24.7% | rising |
| 66 | India | 0.8791 GPIA | 2025 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 67 | Malta | 0.8773 GPIA | 2023 | down 22.2% | falling |
| 68 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.8681 GPIA | 2015 | down 25.2% | falling |
| 69 | Ireland | 0.8645 GPIA | 2022 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 70 | Kuwait | 0.8628 GPIA | 2021 | up 9.7% | falling |
| 71 | Panama | 0.8621 GPIA | 2024 | up 18.0% | rising |
| 72 | Palestine, State of | 0.8603 GPIA | 2023 | up 53.0% | falling |
| 73 | Argentina | 0.8514 GPIA | 2023 | down 14.9% | falling |
| 74 | Greece | 0.8501 GPIA | 2023 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 75 | Bhutan | 0.8448 GPIA | 2024 | down 7.2% | falling |
| 76 | Jordan | 0.839 GPIA | 2024 | down 49.7% | falling |
| 77 | Mexico | 0.8342 GPIA | 2025 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 78 | Zimbabwe | 0.8272 GPIA | 2024 | up 6.2% | rising |
| 79 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.8246 GPIA | 2024 | down 2.4% | falling |
| 80 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.8116 GPIA | 2023 | up 14.9% | rising |
| 81 | Ecuador | 0.8101 GPIA | 2024 | up 2.4% | falling |
| 82 | Nicaragua | 0.8067 GPIA | 2023 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 83 | Belize | 0.7903 GPIA | 2024 | up 17.4% | flat |
| 84 | Eswatini | 0.7877 GPIA | 2022 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 85 | Bahrain | 0.7847 GPIA | 2024 | down 20.1% | rising |
| 86 | North Macedonia | 0.7826 GPIA | 2023 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 87 | Guatemala | 0.782 GPIA | 2024 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 88 | Honduras | 0.7768 GPIA | 2024 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 89 | Peru | 0.7766 GPIA | 2024 | down 11.4% | falling |
| 90 | Luxembourg | 0.7717 GPIA | 2024 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 91 | Samoa | 0.7692 GPIA | 2024 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 92 | Vanuatu | 0.7692 GPIA | 2024 | down 9.0% | flat |
| 93 | Tonga | 0.7644 GPIA | 2024 | down 1.0% | falling |
| 94 | Costa Rica | 0.7624 GPIA | 2024 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 95 | Italy | 0.7621 GPIA | 2023 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 96 | Sweden | 0.762 GPIA | 2024 | down 5.4% | flat |
| 97 | Qatar | 0.7616 GPIA | 2024 | up 19.0% | falling |
| 98 | Kiribati | 0.7561 GPIA | 2024 | up 6.4% | flat |
| 99 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.7539 GPIA | 2024 | down 26.2% | flat |
| 100 | Austria | 0.7534 GPIA | 2024 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 101 | Kenya | 0.7533 GPIA | 2023 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 102 | Timor-Leste | 0.753 GPIA | 2023 | down 6.5% | falling |
| 103 | Bahamas | 0.7523 GPIA | 2021 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 104 | Hong Kong, China | 0.7495 GPIA | 2024 | up 9.8% | falling |
| 105 | Albania | 0.7484 GPIA | 2024 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 106 | Portugal | 0.7455 GPIA | 2023 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 107 | Andorra | 0.7437 GPIA | 2024 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 108 | Barbados | 0.7425 GPIA | 2024 | up 64.5% | rising |
| 109 | Lebanon | 0.7413 GPIA | 2024 | up 5.4% | flat |
| 110 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.7377 GPIA | 2023 | up 33.5% | falling |
| 111 | Sri Lanka | 0.7366 GPIA | 2023 | down 6.3% | flat |
| 112 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 0.7361 GPIA | 2024 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 113 | Cambodia | 0.7358 GPIA | 2024 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 114 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.7337 GPIA | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 115 | Georgia | 0.733 GPIA | 2024 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 116 | Bulgaria | 0.7316 GPIA | 2024 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 117 | Croatia | 0.7307 GPIA | 2023 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 118 | Oman | 0.7291 GPIA | 2024 | down 5.6% | flat |
| 119 | Aruba | 0.7286 GPIA | 2014 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 120 | Romania | 0.7272 GPIA | 2023 | up 6.6% | flat |
| 121 | Colombia | 0.721 GPIA | 2022 | down 12.1% | falling |
| 122 | Republic of Korea | 0.7195 GPIA | 2024 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 123 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.7193 GPIA | 2025 | down 14.4% | falling |
| 124 | Switzerland | 0.7192 GPIA | 2024 | up 15.4% | rising |
| 125 | Ghana | 0.718 GPIA | 2024 | down 25.9% | flat |
| 126 | Azerbaijan | 0.7169 GPIA | 2024 | down 36.6% | falling |
| 127 | El Salvador | 0.7126 GPIA | 2024 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 128 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 0.7117 GPIA | 2024 | down 13.6% | falling |
| 129 | Fiji | 0.706 GPIA | 2024 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 130 | Paraguay | 0.7036 GPIA | 2024 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 131 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.7011 GPIA | 2024 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 132 | Uruguay | 0.6938 GPIA | 2023 | up 7.1% | flat |
| 133 | Anguilla | 0.6911 GPIA | 2023 | down 19.7% | volatile |
| 134 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.6882 GPIA | 2017 | down 22.9% | falling |
| 135 | Singapore | 0.685 GPIA | 2023 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 136 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.6849 GPIA | 2023 | up 15.8% | flat |
| 137 | Brazil | 0.6755 GPIA | 2024 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 138 | Puerto Rico | 0.6753 GPIA | 2024 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 139 | Spain | 0.6668 GPIA | 2024 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 140 | Denmark | 0.6629 GPIA | 2024 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 141 | Philippines | 0.655 GPIA | 2024 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 142 | Lesotho | 0.6484 GPIA | 2024 | down 10.1% | falling |
| 143 | Thailand | 0.6432 GPIA | 2025 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 144 | Uzbekistan | 0.643 GPIA | 2025 | down 24.4% | falling |
| 145 | Macau, China | 0.6399 GPIA | 2024 | up 25.8% | falling |
| 146 | Slovenia | 0.6324 GPIA | 2023 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 147 | Algeria | 0.6316 GPIA | 2025 | up 15.6% | falling |
| 148 | Montenegro | 0.6314 GPIA | 2023 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 149 | Hungary | 0.6303 GPIA | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 150 | Namibia | 0.6294 GPIA | 2024 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 151 | Dominican Republic | 0.6234 GPIA | 2024 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 152 | Cyprus | 0.6208 GPIA | 2024 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 153 | Kazakhstan | 0.6185 GPIA | 2025 | down 20.2% | flat |
| 154 | Mongolia | 0.6182 GPIA | 2024 | down 16.8% | falling |
| 155 | Botswana | 0.6012 GPIA | 2022 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 156 | Czechia | 0.6002 GPIA | 2023 | up 2.8% | flat |
| 157 | Israel | 0.6002 GPIA | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 158 | Chile | 0.5951 GPIA | 2024 | up 2.3% | flat |
| 159 | Australia | 0.5934 GPIA | 2024 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 160 | Sudan | 0.5915 GPIA | 2019 | down 36.9% | rising |
| 161 | Tajikistan | 0.5883 GPIA | 2017 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 162 | Morocco | 0.5816 GPIA | 2024 | down 17.6% | falling |
| 163 | Republic of Moldova | 0.5785 GPIA | 2024 | up 6.9% | flat |
| 164 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.575 GPIA | 2023 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 165 | Marshall Islands | 0.574 GPIA | 2024 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 166 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0.5573 GPIA | 2023 | down 15.9% | rising |
| 167 | Tunisia | 0.5391 GPIA | 2023 | down 4.4% | flat |
| 168 | Suriname | 0.5138 GPIA | 2024 | down 19.1% | falling |
| 169 | Latvia | 0.5081 GPIA | 2024 | down 4.6% | flat |
| 170 | Poland | 0.508 GPIA | 2024 | — | flat |
| 171 | Estonia | 0.4945 GPIA | 2024 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 172 | Cuba | 0.4685 GPIA | 2024 | up 15.0% | flat |
| 173 | British Virgin Islands | 0.4559 GPIA | 2024 | down 12.9% | falling |
| 174 | Palau | 0.4435 GPIA | 2024 | down 9.3% | flat |
| 175 | Saint Lucia | 0.4427 GPIA | 2024 | up 37.3% | rising |
| 176 | South Africa | 0.432 GPIA | 2023 | down 59.0% | falling |
| 177 | Gibraltar | 0.4228 GPIA | 2024 | down 57.7% | falling |
| 178 | Maldives | 0.4149 GPIA | 2024 | down 29.3% | falling |
| 179 | Jamaica | 0.3842 GPIA | 2024 | down 27.1% | falling |
| 180 | Grenada | 0.3784 GPIA | 2024 | down 31.1% | rising |
| 181 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.3757 GPIA | 2024 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 182 | Monaco | 0 GPIA | 2024 | down 100.0% | falling |
| 182 | Cook Islands | 0 GPIA | 2024 | down 100.0% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- ECA: Small Island States (unsdcode:98125) 1.78 GPIA
- WB: South Asia 1.74 GPIA
- WB: South Asia (ida & Ibrd) 1.74 GPIA
- ESCAP: Countries With Special Needs (csn) (unsdcode:98434) 1.47 GPIA
- WB: Pacific Island Small States 1.46 GPIA
- GPE: Non Fragile & Non Conflict-affected Countries (non-fcac) Fy24, December 2024 1.4 GPIA
- GPE: Middle East & North Africa Wb Fy24, December 2024 1.39 GPIA
- ESCAP: Ldc (ldc_e) (unsdcode:98411) 1.37 GPIA
- WB: Lower Middle Income (july 2025) 1.35 GPIA
- ESCAP: Wb Lower Middle Income Economies (wb_lower_mid) (unsdcode:98438) 1.33 GPIA
- ESCAP: Saarc (saarc) (unsdcode:98428) 1.31 GPIA
- UNICEF: South Asia 1.31 GPIA
- AIMS: South and West Asia 1.27 GPIA
- MDG: Southern Asia 1.27 GPIA
- SDG: Southern Asia 1.27 GPIA
- UIS: South and West Asia 1.27 GPIA
- SDG: Central and Southern Asia 1.27 GPIA
- ESCAP: South and South-west Asia (sswa) (unsdcode:98420) 1.25 GPIA
- MDG: Developing Regions 1.24 GPIA
- WB: Low & Middle Income (july 2025) 1.23 GPIA
- WB: Ida & Ibrd Total 1.23 GPIA
- UNICEF: All Unicef Countries 1.23 GPIA
- GPE: Small Island and Landlocked Developing States, December 2024 1.22 GPIA
- WB: Early-demographic Dividend 1.21 GPIA
- ALECSO: Mashriq Countries 1.2 GPIA
- ESCWA: Mashreq Subregion (unsdcode:98503) 1.2 GPIA
- WB: Middle Income (july 2025) 1.19 GPIA
- ECA: Ecowas (unsdcode:98108) 1.16 GPIA
- ECA: West Africa (unsdcode:98105) 1.16 GPIA
- UNICEF: Economic Community of West African States (ecowas) 1.16 GPIA
- ECA: Oil Producing Economies (unsdcode:98123) 1.16 GPIA
- GPE: Fragile or Conflict-affected Countries (fcac) Fy24, December 2024 1.15 GPIA
- SDG: World 1.15 GPIA
- UIS: World 1.15 GPIA
- WB: World 1.15 GPIA
- MDG: World 1.15 GPIA
- UNICEF: World 1.15 GPIA
- MDG: Southern Asia (excluding India) 1.14 GPIA
- GPE: Region 3 1.1 GPIA
- ECA: Land-locked Ldcs (unsdcode:98117) 1.09 GPIA
About this data
February 2026 Data Release