Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps filled by country
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number) with 748 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.
Countries reporting
198
Highest
3.10 million
India
Lowest
0
Montserrat
Median
7,848
Years covered
56
1970–2025
Data points
17,479
What the numbers show
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps filled is currently reported for 198 countries. The highest value is 3.10 million in India; the lowest is 0 in Montserrat.
The median across all reporting countries is 7,848, and the mean is 121,767.
Over the past decade 68 countries rose and 118 fell. The largest increase was in Bulgaria (up 363.6%), and the largest decrease in Cayman Islands (down 100.0%).
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 3.10 million | 2025 | up 221.7% | volatile |
| 2 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 1.99 million | 2023 | up 45.9% | rising |
| 3 | Brazil | 1.44 million | 2011 | down 65.9% | rising |
| 4 | Malawi | 1.25 million | 2024 | up 56.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Madagascar | 1.09 million | 2024 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 6 | Ethiopia | 900,151 | 2024 | down 25.0% | rising |
| 7 | Iraq | 818,729 | 2007 | up 126.3% | rising |
| 8 | Rwanda | 795,920 | 2024 | up 94.2% | volatile |
| 9 | Uganda | 778,349 | 2017 | down 30.2% | volatile |
| 10 | Côte d'Ivoire | 668,732 | 2024 | up 40.3% | rising |
| 11 | Burundi | 646,726 | 2020 | up 3.8% | volatile |
| 12 | Cameroon | 611,326 | 2024 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 13 | Angola | 547,775 | 2023 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 14 | Mali | 512,692 | 2023 | up 34.5% | volatile |
| 15 | Pakistan | 440,233 | 2024 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 16 | United States of America | 419,732 | 2023 | up 3.8% | flat |
| 17 | Bangladesh | 387,056 | 2024 | down 66.9% | falling |
| 18 | Chad | 383,767 | 2022 | down 20.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Afghanistan | 343,942 | 2023 | up 51.3% | volatile |
| 20 | South Africa | 339,638 | 2023 | down 51.4% | falling |
| 21 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 331,605 | 2024 | down 4.3% | volatile |
| 22 | Mozambique | 278,480 | 2022 | down 31.1% | rising |
| 23 | Morocco | 266,273 | 2024 | down 30.8% | falling |
| 24 | Nepal | 263,796 | 2025 | down 39.0% | falling |
| 25 | Guinea | 256,207 | 2020 | up 6.7% | volatile |
| 26 | Guatemala | 247,917 | 2024 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 27 | Haiti | 241,622 | 1997 | up 192.9% | rising |
| 28 | Kenya | 235,728 | 2016 | down 33.4% | volatile |
| 29 | Colombia | 234,939 | 2022 | up 101.0% | volatile |
| 30 | Yemen | 229,234 | 2016 | up 36.6% | rising |
| 31 | Benin | 209,295 | 2022 | down 9.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Niger | 208,506 | 2024 | up 138.0% | volatile |
| 33 | Philippines | 201,568 | 2024 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 34 | Türkiye | 184,302 | 2023 | up 59.7% | volatile |
| 35 | Central African Republic | 184,252 | 2016 | up 56.1% | rising |
| 36 | Zambia | 169,961 | 2013 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 37 | Algeria | 158,235 | 2025 | down 35.3% | falling |
| 38 | Cambodia | 124,310 | 2024 | up 18.0% | volatile |
| 39 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 108,066 | 2023 | up 25.8% | volatile |
| 40 | Burkina Faso | 105,439 | 2024 | down 40.9% | volatile |
| 41 | Sudan | 105,251 | 2019 | down 38.5% | falling |
| 42 | Mexico | 96,349 | 2025 | down 14.2% | volatile |
| 43 | Gabon | 96,273 | 2003 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 44 | Egypt | 95,355 | 2024 | down 73.4% | rising |
| 45 | Argentina | 91,719 | 2023 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 46 | Syrian Arab Republic | 90,421 | 2024 | down 20.5% | flat |
| 47 | Namibia | 90,003 | 2024 | up 44.2% | rising |
| 48 | Tunisia | 88,316 | 2021 | up 32.9% | falling |
| 49 | Nicaragua | 85,306 | 2022 | up 16.3% | rising |
| 50 | Peru | 84,765 | 2019 | down 66.8% | falling |
| 51 | Papua New Guinea | 80,915 | 2023 | down 32.3% | volatile |
| 52 | Sierra Leone | 73,295 | 2024 | down 59.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Congo | 70,276 | 2023 | down 58.0% | rising |
| 54 | Libya | 69,173 | 1983 | up 95.9% | rising |
| 55 | Viet Nam | 64,555 | 2024 | down 12.7% | volatile |
| 56 | Senegal | 64,252 | 2024 | up 18.2% | flat |
| 57 | Mauritania | 52,338 | 2020 | up 185.0% | volatile |
| 58 | Dominican Republic | 45,913 | 2024 | down 48.2% | falling |
| 59 | France | 43,533 | 2024 | up 69.0% | volatile |
| 60 | Togo | 40,377 | 2024 | down 74.5% | rising |
| 61 | Ghana | 39,902 | 2024 | down 63.5% | volatile |
| 62 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 39,642 | 2024 | down 29.0% | falling |
| 63 | Honduras | 39,572 | 2024 | up 110.1% | volatile |
| 64 | Guinea-Bissau | 39,234 | 2010 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 65 | Spain | 37,817 | 2024 | down 43.3% | volatile |
| 66 | Lebanon | 34,874 | 2023 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 67 | Lesotho | 30,627 | 2024 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 68 | Saudi Arabia | 26,900 | 2024 | down 8.0% | volatile |
| 69 | Myanmar | 25,434 | 2018 | up 11.6% | volatile |
| 70 | Eritrea | 23,881 | 2022 | down 43.1% | falling |
| 71 | Netherlands | 23,856 | 1985 | down 37.2% | falling |
| 72 | El Salvador | 21,853 | 2024 | down 53.3% | falling |
| 73 | Chile | 21,633 | 2024 | down 63.5% | volatile |
| 74 | Russian Federation | 21,277 | 2019 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 75 | Belgium | 17,384 | 2022 | down 21.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Equatorial Guinea | 17,300 | 2015 | down 10.7% | rising |
| 77 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 16,396 | 2025 | down 67.7% | volatile |
| 78 | Gambia | 16,389 | 2025 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 79 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 15,774 | 2024 | down 84.9% | volatile |
| 80 | Poland | 15,398 | 2024 | down 14.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Germany | 15,242 | 2024 | up 30.5% | volatile |
| 82 | Eswatini | 15,165 | 2023 | down 62.4% | rising |
| 83 | Liberia | 14,815 | 2022 | down 61.0% | rising |
| 84 | Costa Rica | 14,772 | 2024 | down 22.4% | falling |
| 85 | Romania | 14,415 | 2023 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 86 | Austria | 13,699 | 2024 | up 57.4% | volatile |
| 87 | Thailand | 13,596 | 2025 | down 85.7% | volatile |
| 88 | Comoros | 13,170 | 2024 | down 37.5% | falling |
| 89 | Paraguay | 12,773 | 2024 | down 55.3% | falling |
| 90 | Zimbabwe | 12,514 | 2024 | down 74.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Réunion | 12,369 | 1987 | down 41.1% | falling |
| 92 | New Zealand | 12,020 | 1992 | up 1.4% | volatile |
| 93 | Portugal | 11,380 | 2023 | down 49.4% | volatile |
| 94 | Jordan | 10,973 | 2024 | up 135.1% | volatile |
| 95 | Panama | 10,042 | 2024 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 96 | Bhutan | 9,961 | 2024 | up 56.7% | rising |
| 97 | Botswana | 9,590 | 2022 | down 38.8% | rising |
| 98 | Suriname | 9,366 | 2021 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 99 | Trinidad and Tobago | 8,036 | 2024 | down 3.3% | flat |
| 100 | Israel | 7,660 | 2024 | down 35.4% | falling |
| 101 | Greece | 7,545 | 2023 | up 59.4% | volatile |
| 102 | China | 7,020 | 2021 | down 97.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Hungary | 6,790 | 2024 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 104 | Italy | 6,592 | 2023 | down 10.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Switzerland | 5,583 | 2024 | up 20.6% | falling |
| 106 | Slovakia | 5,484 | 2024 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 107 | Ecuador | 5,078 | 2024 | down 79.2% | volatile |
| 108 | Cuba | 4,635 | 2024 | down 8.0% | volatile |
| 109 | Jamaica | 4,597 | 2024 | down 49.3% | falling |
| 110 | Sao Tome and Principe | 4,544 | 2017 | down 44.2% | rising |
| 111 | Cape Verde | 4,132 | 2022 | down 39.2% | falling |
| 112 | Czechia | 3,449 | 2023 | up 20.6% | falling |
| 113 | Ukraine | 3,125 | 2024 | up 227.2% | volatile |
| 114 | New Caledonia | 3,090 | 1990 | down 25.5% | rising |
| 115 | Guadeloupe | 2,982 | 1991 | down 69.2% | falling |
| 116 | Denmark | 2,888 | 2024 | down 35.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Uruguay | 2,520 | 2023 | down 83.9% | falling |
| 118 | Belize | 2,390 | 2024 | down 33.0% | falling |
| 119 | Djibouti | 2,279 | 2023 | down 59.3% | rising |
| 120 | French Guiana | 2,276 | 1994 | — | rising |
| 121 | Ireland | 1,942 | 2022 | down 33.3% | volatile |
| 122 | Martinique | 1,761 | 1992 | down 80.9% | falling |
| 123 | Slovenia | 1,658 | 2023 | up 95.3% | rising |
| 124 | Azerbaijan | 1,610 | 2024 | up 98.5% | volatile |
| 125 | Hong Kong, China | 1,605 | 2024 | down 7.0% | volatile |
| 126 | Vanuatu | 1,492 | 2024 | down 78.3% | falling |
| 127 | Luxembourg | 1,398 | 2024 | up 9.6% | falling |
| 128 | Qatar | 1,379 | 2024 | down 38.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Sweden | 1,302 | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 130 | Bulgaria | 1,173 | 2024 | up 363.6% | volatile |
| 131 | Finland | 1,144 | 2024 | down 0.3% | falling |
| 132 | Bahamas | 1,074 | 2019 | — | volatile |
| 133 | Albania | 1,024 | 2024 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 134 | Latvia | 1,003 | 2024 | up 15.6% | volatile |
| 135 | Georgia | 749 | 2024 | up 24.6% | falling |
| 136 | Estonia | 706 | 2024 | up 67.3% | volatile |
| 137 | Fiji | 644 | 2024 | up 110.5% | volatile |
| 138 | Kazakhstan | 638 | 2025 | up 47.0% | volatile |
| 139 | Kiribati | 608 | 2024 | up 94.2% | volatile |
| 140 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 607 | 2024 | up 70.0% | flat |
| 141 | Armenia | 581 | 2024 | up 99.7% | volatile |
| 142 | Tajikistan | 580 | 2017 | down 53.7% | volatile |
| 143 | Guyana | 536 | 2010 | down 78.9% | volatile |
| 144 | Serbia | 530 | 2022 | down 53.1% | falling |
| 145 | Aruba | 493 | 2022 | down 36.4% | falling |
| 146 | Belarus | 398 | 2024 | up 261.8% | volatile |
| 147 | Samoa | 397 | 2024 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 148 | Saint Lucia | 390 | 2024 | up 8.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Lithuania | 337 | 2024 | down 41.8% | volatile |
| 150 | Singapore | 336 | 2023 | down 12.7% | volatile |
| 151 | Palestine, State of | 306 | 2023 | down 65.4% | volatile |
| 152 | United Arab Emirates | 305 | 2023 | down 71.6% | falling |
| 153 | Barbados | 279 | 2024 | — | rising |
| 154 | Marshall Islands | 269 | 2024 | down 8.8% | flat |
| 155 | Macau, China | 239 | 2024 | down 66.9% | volatile |
| 156 | Antigua and Barbuda | 188 | 2022 | down 55.2% | volatile |
| 157 | Croatia | 172 | 2023 | down 44.7% | volatile |
| 158 | Dominica | 148 | 2025 | down 52.3% | falling |
| 159 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 145 | 2023 | down 8.8% | flat |
| 160 | Timor-Leste | 140 | 2023 | down 99.7% | falling |
| 161 | Cyprus | 137 | 2024 | up 101.5% | volatile |
| 162 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 128 | 2024 | down 63.6% | volatile |
| 163 | Montenegro | 106 | 2023 | up 74.7% | volatile |
| 164 | Grenada | 96 | 2024 | down 43.3% | volatile |
| 165 | British Virgin Islands | 83 | 2024 | down 56.8% | falling |
| 166 | Turkmenistan | 82 | 2024 | — | rising |
| 167 | Republic of Korea | 76 | 2024 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 168 | Malta | 70 | 2023 | up 75.0% | volatile |
| 169 | Brunei Darussalam | 66 | 2024 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 170 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 64 | 2023 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 171 | Kyrgyzstan | 54 | 2025 | down 70.8% | volatile |
| 172 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 46 | 2022 | up 12.2% | volatile |
| 173 | Liechtenstein | 40 | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 174 | Andorra | 31 | 2024 | down 46.6% | volatile |
| 174 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 31 | 1987 | down 64.0% | falling |
| 176 | Palau | 27 | 2023 | down 57.8% | volatile |
| 177 | Bahrain | 23 | 2024 | down 96.8% | volatile |
| 178 | Mauritius | 21 | 2024 | down 98.0% | volatile |
| 179 | Tonga | 20 | 2024 | down 96.2% | falling |
| 180 | Anguilla | 16 | 2019 | — | volatile |
| 181 | Solomon Islands | 13 | 2024 | down 99.8% | volatile |
| 182 | Monaco | 12 | 2024 | down 75.0% | volatile |
| 183 | Kuwait | 11 | 2021 | down 99.4% | volatile |
| 184 | Mongolia | 9 | 2024 | down 93.0% | volatile |
| 185 | Naoero | 3 | 2024 | up 200.0% | volatile |
| 186 | Tuvalu | 2 | 2024 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | Cayman Islands | 0 | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | Indonesia | 0 | 2023 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | Sri Lanka | 0 | 2023 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | Republic of Moldova | 0 | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 187 | Maldives | 0 | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | North Macedonia | 0 | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 187 | Oman | 0 | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | San Marino | 0 | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 187 | Seychelles | 0 | 1994 | — | volatile |
| 187 | Uzbekistan | 0 | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 187 | Cook Islands | 0 | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 187 | Montserrat | 0 | 2019 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- MDG: World 25.09 million
- SDG: World 25.09 million
- UIS: World 25.09 million
- WB: World 25.09 million
- UNICEF: World 25.07 million
- UNICEF: All Unicef Countries 24.36 million
- MDG: Developing Regions 24.35 million
- WB: Ida & Ibrd Total 24.34 million
- WB: Low & Middle Income (july 2025) 24.25 million
- GPE: Overall Fy24, All 90 Countries, December 2024 17.18 million
- WB: Ida Total 15.95 million
- WB: Global Partnership for Education (july 2019) 15.89 million
- ECA: African Union Commission (unsdcode:98106) 15.13 million
- ECA: All Countries (unsdcode:98100) 15.13 million
- ESCAP: Africa (afr) (unsdcode:98405) 15.13 million
- UNICEF: Africa 15.13 million
- WB: Ida Only 14.45 million
- MDG: Sub-saharan Africa 14.43 million
- UNICEF: Sub-saharan Africa 14.43 million
- WB: Sub-saharan Africa 14.43 million
- WB: Sub-saharan Africa (ida & Ibrd) 14.43 million
- WB: Sub-saharan Africa (excluding High Income) 14.43 million
- ECA: Sub-saharan Africa (unsdcode:98126) 14.37 million
- SDG: Sub-saharan Africa 14.32 million
- UIS: Sub-saharan Africa 14.25 million
- SDG: Least Developed Countries 14.09 million
- WB: Least Developed Countries: Un Classification 14.09 million
- GPE: Sub-saharan Africa Wb Fy24, December 2024 13.87 million
- WB: Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (hipc) 13.42 million
- WB: Middle Income (july 2025) 13.33 million
- WB: Pre-demographic Dividend 12.96 million
- ECA: Least Developed Countries (unsdcode:98118) 12.20 million
- ESCAP: Wb Low Income Economies (wb_low) (unsdcode:98439) 11.44 million
- WB: Low Income (july 2025) 10.92 million
- GPE: Low Income Wb Fy24, December 2024 10.83 million
- WB: Africa Eastern and Southern 10.66 million
- ECA: Non-oil Producing (unsdcode:98121) 9.71 million
- WB: Fragile and Conflict Affected Situations 9.31 million
- WB: Fy23 Ida & Ibrd Countries Classified As Fragile Situations 9.30 million
- WB: Early-demographic Dividend 9.24 million
How this figure is calculated
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number) with 748 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.
Computed from
- Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number) with 748 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.