Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend

WB: Late-demographic Dividend: Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps was 2.34 million in 2022. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2022)
2.34 million
Change on year
up 16.2%
Rank
105th
of 220 groups
All-time high
16.23 million
in 1988
All-time low
2.01 million
in 2021
Years of data
35
1988–2022

Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend, 1988–2022

05.0M10.0M15.0M1988200520221988: 16.2M1989: 15.7M1990: 14.6M1991: 13.7M1992: 12.5M1993: 11.6M1994: 11.0M1995: 9.4M1996: 8.7M1997: 9.0M1998: 7.8M1999: 8.6M2000: 8.1M2001: 6.8M2002: 6.3M2003: 6.0M2004: 5.9M2005: 5.4M2006: 4.4M2007: 4.2M2008: 3.8M2009: 3.4M2010: 3.0M2011: 2.7M2012: 2.5M2013: 2.6M2014: 2.5M2015: 2.3M2016: 2.4M2017: 2.5M2018: 2.4M2019: 2.2M2020: 2.2M2021: 2.0M2022: 2.3M

Source: Statizoid (derived).

Analysis

The most recent figure for repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend is 2.34 million, measured in 2022.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 16.2% on the previous year and down 8.1% over ten years.

Over the whole period, repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend peaked at 16.23 million in 1988 and was at its lowest, 2.01 million, in 2021.

That places WB: Late-demographic Dividend 105th out of 220 groups with data for 2022, putting it in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend, year by year

Annual values for Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps filled in WB: Late-demographic Dividend, 1988 to 2022.
Year Value Change
1988 16.23 million
1989 15.73 million -3.1%
1990 14.62 million -7.1%
1991 13.73 million -6.1%
1992 12.45 million -9.3%
1993 11.64 million -6.5%
1994 11.01 million -5.4%
1995 9.35 million -15.0%
1996 8.65 million -7.5%
1997 9.03 million +4.4%
1998 7.76 million -14.1%
1999 8.63 million +11.2%
2000 8.10 million -6.2%
2001 6.82 million -15.8%
2002 6.34 million -7.0%
2003 5.96 million -6.1%
2004 5.87 million -1.6%
2005 5.39 million -8.1%
2006 4.39 million -18.7%
2007 4.18 million -4.6%
2008 3.76 million -10.1%
2009 3.37 million -10.5%
2010 3.00 million -10.9%
2011 2.74 million -8.5%
2012 2.55 million -7.1%
2013 2.59 million +1.5%
2014 2.50 million -3.3%
2015 2.33 million -6.7%
2016 2.43 million +4.1%
2017 2.47 million +1.7%
2018 2.36 million -4.4%
2019 2.23 million -5.7%
2020 2.25 million +0.9%
2021 2.01 million -10.4%
2022 2.34 million +16.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1980s 15.98 million 15.73 million 16.23 million 2
1990s 10.69 million 7.76 million 14.62 million 10
2000s 5.42 million 3.37 million 8.10 million 10
2010s 2.52 million 2.23 million 3.00 million 10
2020s 2.20 million 2.01 million 2.34 million 3

Countries ranked near WB: Late-demographic Dividend

  1. 102 China 7,020 compare
  2. 103 Hungary 6,790 compare
  3. 104 Italy 6,592 compare
  4. 105 Switzerland 5,583 compare
  5. 106 Slovakia 5,484 compare
  6. 107 Ecuador 5,078 compare
  7. 108 Cuba 4,635 compare

See the full ranking of 425 places →

More education data for WB: Late-demographic Dividend

All data for WB: Late-demographic Dividend →

Frequently asked questions

What is repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend?
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend was 2.34 million in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
What is the highest repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps recorded in WB: Late-demographic Dividend?
The highest recorded value was 16.23 million in 1988.
What is the lowest repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps recorded in WB: Late-demographic Dividend?
The lowest recorded value was 2.01 million in 2021.
How does WB: Late-demographic Dividend rank for repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps?
WB: Late-demographic Dividend ranks 105th out of 220 groups with data for 2022.
Is repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps rising or falling in WB: Late-demographic Dividend?
Over the last ten years it is down 8.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this WB: Late-demographic Dividend data come from?
The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps filled. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps in WB: Late-demographic Dividend. Statizoid, drawing on Statizoid (derived). Retrieved 07 September 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/repeaters-in-primary-education-all-grades-both-sexes-number-gaps-filled/wb-late-demographic-dividend/

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How this figure is calculated

Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number) with 748 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.

Computed from

Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.

About this data

Indicator
Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number), gaps filled
Source
Statizoid (derived)
Licence
Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page
Coverage
425 places, 17,479 data points, 1970–2025
Last refreshed

Repeaters in primary education, all grades, both sexes (number) with 748 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.