Outbound mobility ratio, all regions, both sexes (%) by country
Number of students from a given country studying abroad as a percentage of the total tertiary enrolment in that country.
Countries reporting
169
Highest
245.3%
Andorra
Lowest
0.3%
Argentina
Median
5.9%
Years covered
22
1997–2018
Data points
3,585
What the numbers show
Outbound mobility ratio, all regions, both sexes (%) is currently reported for 169 countries. The highest value is 245.3% in Andorra; the lowest is 0.3% in Argentina.
The median across all reporting countries is 5.9%, and the mean is 16.7%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 854.
Over the past decade 89 countries rose and 76 fell. The largest increase was in Cayman Islands (up 587.2%), and the largest decrease in Djibouti (down 86.1%).
Outbound mobility ratio, all regions, both sexes: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andorra | 245.3% | 2018 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 2 | Bermuda | 224.8% | 2018 | up 102.7% | rising |
| 3 | Luxembourg | 164.5% | 2018 | down 28.5% | falling |
| 4 | Tonga | 157.2% | 2003 | — | falling |
| 5 | San Marino | 128.5% | 2018 | up 50.1% | rising |
| 6 | Liechtenstein | 127.7% | 2018 | up 17.7% | falling |
| 7 | British Virgin Islands | 102.8% | 2018 | up 239.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Vanuatu | 87.7% | 2004 | down 26.8% | falling |
| 9 | Comoros | 79.8% | 2014 | down 45.8% | volatile |
| 10 | Cyprus | 56.2% | 2018 | down 41.0% | falling |
| 11 | Seychelles | 48.4% | 2018 | down 77.6% | volatile |
| 12 | Saint Lucia | 46.4% | 2018 | down 0.7% | falling |
| 13 | Samoa | 43.7% | 2018 | — | falling |
| 14 | Djibouti | 39.4% | 2011 | down 86.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Cayman Islands | 39.1% | 2008 | up 587.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Bhutan | 38.3% | 2018 | up 22.7% | falling |
| 17 | Eswatini | 34.9% | 2013 | down 13.4% | rising |
| 18 | Trinidad and Tobago | 33.6% | 2004 | down 30.8% | falling |
| 19 | Cabo Verde | 32.1% | 2018 | down 38.9% | volatile |
| 20 | Malawi | 29.5% | 2011 | down 49.7% | falling |
| 21 | Sao Tome and Principe | 28.1% | 2015 | down 73.7% | volatile |
| 22 | Qatar | 26.8% | 2018 | up 56.2% | rising |
| 23 | Gambia | 26.2% | 2012 | down 65.6% | falling |
| 24 | Brunei Darussalam | 24.6% | 2018 | down 52.8% | falling |
| 25 | Mauritania | 24.3% | 2018 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 26 | Republic of Moldova | 22.2% | 2018 | up 112.5% | rising |
| 27 | Mauritius | 22.2% | 2017 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 28 | Azerbaijan | 21.8% | 2018 | up 423.5% | volatile |
| 29 | Slovakia | 21.8% | 2018 | up 91.5% | rising |
| 30 | Montenegro | 21.7% | 2018 | down 21.9% | rising |
| 31 | Kuwait | 21.2% | 2018 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 32 | Nepal | 20.2% | 2018 | up 190.9% | volatile |
| 33 | Maldives | 20.2% | 2017 | down 40.4% | volatile |
| 34 | Aruba | 20.0% | 2016 | up 124.4% | rising |
| 35 | Eritrea | 19.6% | 2016 | up 19.7% | falling |
| 36 | Iceland | 18.5% | 2018 | up 27.7% | falling |
| 37 | Congo | 18.1% | 2017 | down 52.8% | falling |
| 38 | Guyana | 17.4% | 2012 | down 19.8% | flat |
| 39 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 16.2% | 2018 | up 14.5% | falling |
| 40 | Lesotho | 14.1% | 2018 | down 69.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Albania | 13.8% | 2018 | down 40.5% | falling |
| 42 | Chad | 13.7% | 2015 | down 48.6% | volatile |
| 43 | Oman | 13.6% | 2018 | down 19.0% | volatile |
| 44 | Kazakhstan | 13.2% | 2018 | up 326.6% | rising |
| 45 | Bahrain | 12.7% | 2018 | down 32.2% | falling |
| 46 | Zimbabwe | 12.6% | 2015 | down 53.4% | falling |
| 47 | Uzbekistan | 12.3% | 2018 | up 17.0% | rising |
| 48 | Palestine, State of | 12.3% | 2018 | up 53.0% | falling |
| 49 | Hong Kong (China) | 12.2% | 2018 | down 8.2% | falling |
| 50 | Bulgaria | 10.6% | 2018 | up 42.8% | rising |
| 51 | Central African Republic | 10.5% | 2012 | down 52.3% | falling |
| 52 | Mali | 10.1% | 2015 | down 36.8% | falling |
| 53 | Barbados | 9.9% | 2011 | down 42.5% | falling |
| 54 | North Macedonia | 9.5% | 2018 | up 7.3% | falling |
| 55 | Belize | 9.3% | 2018 | down 38.4% | falling |
| 56 | Namibia | 9.3% | 2017 | down 84.9% | volatile |
| 57 | Lithuania | 8.8% | 2018 | up 169.7% | rising |
| 58 | Tunisia | 8.7% | 2018 | up 72.8% | rising |
| 59 | Singapore | 8.7% | 2012 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 60 | Burundi | 8.5% | 2018 | up 12.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Macau (China) | 8.4% | 2018 | up 56.8% | rising |
| 62 | Jordan | 8.3% | 2018 | up 52.4% | rising |
| 63 | Afghanistan | 8.2% | 2018 | up 43.5% | falling |
| 64 | Sri Lanka | 8.0% | 2018 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 65 | Estonia | 8.0% | 2018 | up 59.6% | rising |
| 66 | Cameroon | 7.9% | 2018 | down 41.8% | falling |
| 67 | Lebanon | 7.9% | 2018 | up 9.2% | falling |
| 68 | Mongolia | 7.7% | 2018 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 69 | Georgia | 7.5% | 2018 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 70 | Senegal | 7.5% | 2018 | down 44.9% | falling |
| 71 | Malta | 7.5% | 2018 | down 29.5% | rising |
| 72 | Tajikistan | 7.5% | 2017 | up 311.5% | volatile |
| 73 | Romania | 7.0% | 2018 | up 235.7% | rising |
| 74 | Togo | 6.7% | 2018 | down 56.9% | volatile |
| 75 | Syrian Arab Republic | 6.7% | 2016 | up 69.1% | falling |
| 76 | Ireland | 6.5% | 2018 | down 36.0% | falling |
| 77 | Niger | 6.5% | 2018 | down 77.7% | falling |
| 78 | Guinea | 6.4% | 2014 | down 71.4% | volatile |
| 79 | Rwanda | 6.4% | 2018 | down 32.2% | volatile |
| 80 | Côte d'Ivoire | 6.3% | 2017 | up 14.1% | flat |
| 81 | Latvia | 6.3% | 2018 | up 97.4% | rising |
| 82 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 6.2% | 2018 | up 42.9% | volatile |
| 83 | Serbia | 6.1% | 2018 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 84 | Norway | 6.0% | 2018 | up 12.8% | flat |
| 85 | Croatia | 5.9% | 2018 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 86 | Jamaica | 5.9% | 2015 | down 58.5% | falling |
| 87 | United Arab Emirates | 5.9% | 2017 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 88 | Belarus | 5.8% | 2018 | up 8.3% | volatile |
| 89 | Benin | 5.7% | 2018 | down 36.6% | volatile |
| 90 | Angola | 5.5% | 2016 | down 71.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Burkina Faso | 5.5% | 2018 | down 38.5% | falling |
| 92 | Switzerland | 5.4% | 2018 | up 12.5% | falling |
| 93 | Grenada | 5.3% | 2018 | down 42.8% | falling |
| 94 | Botswana | 5.3% | 2017 | down 83.9% | volatile |
| 95 | Greece | 5.1% | 2018 | down 2.9% | falling |
| 96 | Kyrgyzstan | 5.1% | 2018 | up 219.4% | rising |
| 97 | Armenia | 5.1% | 2018 | up 32.2% | rising |
| 98 | Yemen | 5.1% | 2011 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 99 | Austria | 5.0% | 2018 | up 22.7% | falling |
| 100 | Morocco | 5.0% | 2018 | down 51.2% | falling |
| 101 | Malaysia | 4.8% | 2018 | down 20.9% | falling |
| 102 | Saudi Arabia | 4.8% | 2018 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 103 | Hungary | 4.5% | 2018 | up 177.3% | rising |
| 104 | Ukraine | 4.5% | 2018 | up 301.4% | volatile |
| 105 | Israel | 4.3% | 2018 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 106 | Portugal | 4.2% | 2018 | up 39.7% | rising |
| 107 | Slovenia | 4.2% | 2018 | up 110.8% | rising |
| 108 | Italy | 4.0% | 2018 | up 144.9% | rising |
| 109 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 4.0% | 2016 | down 56.8% | volatile |
| 110 | Germany | 3.9% | 2018 | down 9.6% | falling |
| 111 | Finland | 3.9% | 2018 | up 79.7% | flat |
| 112 | France | 3.8% | 2018 | up 75.0% | rising |
| 113 | Nigeria | 3.8% | 2011 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 114 | Czechia | 3.7% | 2018 | up 61.9% | rising |
| 115 | Paraguay | 3.7% | 2010 | up 180.2% | rising |
| 116 | Sweden | 3.7% | 2018 | up 7.9% | flat |
| 117 | Ghana | 3.6% | 2018 | down 24.4% | falling |
| 118 | Viet Nam | 3.6% | 2016 | up 122.2% | rising |
| 119 | Korea | 3.3% | 2018 | down 10.0% | rising |
| 120 | Uganda | 3.2% | 2014 | down 2.4% | falling |
| 121 | Madagascar | 3.2% | 2018 | down 52.6% | falling |
| 122 | Uruguay | 3.2% | 2017 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 123 | Pakistan | 3.1% | 2018 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 124 | Belgium | 3.1% | 2018 | up 22.7% | flat |
| 125 | Canada | 3.0% | 2018 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 126 | Cambodia | 2.9% | 2018 | up 29.1% | falling |
| 127 | Kenya | 2.7% | 2017 | down 78.5% | volatile |
| 128 | El Salvador | 2.4% | 2018 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 129 | China | 2.2% | 2018 | up 28.8% | flat |
| 130 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 2.2% | 2016 | up 38.4% | volatile |
| 131 | Panama | 2.1% | 2016 | up 25.5% | rising |
| 132 | Spain | 2.0% | 2018 | up 57.1% | rising |
| 133 | Netherlands | 2.0% | 2018 | up 42.9% | falling |
| 134 | Sudan | 1.9% | 2015 | — | rising |
| 135 | Colombia | 1.9% | 2018 | up 19.8% | rising |
| 136 | Denmark | 1.9% | 2018 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 137 | New Zealand | 1.9% | 2018 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 138 | Honduras | 1.9% | 2018 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 139 | Algeria | 1.9% | 2018 | down 27.5% | falling |
| 140 | Poland | 1.8% | 2018 | up 40.4% | rising |
| 141 | Peru | 1.7% | 2017 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 142 | Bangladesh | 1.6% | 2018 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 143 | United Kingdom | 1.6% | 2018 | up 66.4% | rising |
| 144 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 1.6% | 2018 | up 59.4% | rising |
| 145 | Costa Rica | 1.5% | 2018 | up 34.4% | falling |
| 146 | Mozambique | 1.5% | 2018 | down 42.3% | volatile |
| 147 | Chile | 1.3% | 2018 | up 13.2% | flat |
| 148 | Thailand | 1.3% | 2016 | up 17.4% | falling |
| 149 | Iraq | 1.3% | 2005 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 150 | Egypt | 1.2% | 2017 | up 167.9% | rising |
| 151 | Myanmar | 1.1% | 2018 | up 50.8% | rising |
| 152 | India | 1.1% | 2018 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 153 | Russian Federation | 1.0% | 2018 | up 111.1% | rising |
| 154 | Guatemala | 0.9% | 2015 | down 24.1% | falling |
| 155 | Japan | 0.8% | 2018 | down 35.8% | falling |
| 156 | Ethiopia | 0.8% | 2014 | down 56.5% | volatile |
| 157 | Dominican Republic | 0.8% | 2017 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 158 | Cuba | 0.8% | 2018 | up 351.8% | volatile |
| 159 | South Africa | 0.8% | 2018 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 160 | Brazil | 0.8% | 2018 | up 62.1% | falling |
| 161 | Mexico | 0.7% | 2018 | down 26.0% | falling |
| 162 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 0.7% | 2009 | down 50.3% | falling |
| 163 | Libya | 0.7% | 2003 | — | rising |
| 164 | Türkiye | 0.6% | 2018 | down 60.6% | falling |
| 165 | Indonesia | 0.6% | 2018 | down 21.5% | falling |
| 166 | Philippines | 0.5% | 2017 | up 51.8% | rising |
| 167 | United States | 0.4% | 2018 | up 28.0% | rising |
| 168 | Puerto Rico | 0.4% | 2018 | up 58.2% | rising |
| 169 | Argentina | 0.3% | 2017 | down 23.0% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Pacific island small states 54.1%
- Other small states 22.8%
- Small states 22.1%
- Caribbean Small States 13.9%
- Pre-demographic dividend 5.3%
- IDA blend 5.2%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 5.1%
- Low income 4.9%
- IDA total 4.9%
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 4.9%
- Arab World 4.7%
- IDA only 4.7%
About this data
Number of students from a given country studying abroad as a percentage of the total tertiary enrolment in that country.