Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

February 2026 Data Release

Countries reporting
199
Highest
1.22 GPIA
Senegal
Lowest
0.7677 GPIA
Afghanistan
Median
0.9977 GPIA
Years covered
41
1985–2025
Data points
10,306

What the numbers show

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 199 countries. The highest value is 1.22 GPIA in Senegal; the lowest is 0.7677 GPIA in Afghanistan.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.9977 GPIA, and the mean is 0.9923 GPIA.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.

Over the past decade 136 countries rose and 63 fell. The largest increase was in Angola (up 53.0%), and the largest decrease in Suriname (down 18.3%).

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, adjusted gender: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Senegal 1.22 GPIA 2023 up 12.6% rising
2 Gambia 1.16 GPIA 2024 up 10.8% rising
3 Bangladesh 1.16 GPIA 2024 up 4.9% rising
4 Bhutan 1.11 GPIA 2024 up 1.7% rising
5 Maldives 1.09 GPIA 2023 up 0.4% flat
6 Burkina Faso 1.08 GPIA 2024 up 12.8% rising
7 Sweden 1.07 GPIA 2024 up 1.7% rising
8 Mexico 1.06 GPIA 2024 up 3.4% rising
9 Sierra Leone 1.06 GPIA 2024 up 5.0% rising
10 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 1.05 GPIA 2024 up 4.4% flat
11 Congo 1.05 GPIA 2012 up 17.2% rising
12 Naoero 1.05 GPIA 2025 up 10.6% rising
13 Zambia 1.05 GPIA 2024 up 7.9% rising
14 Burundi 1.05 GPIA 2025 up 2.6% rising
15 Bermuda 1.05 GPIA 2023 down 0.8% flat
16 Mauritania 1.05 GPIA 2024 up 7.2% rising
17 Tanzania, United Republic of 1.04 GPIA 2021 up 6.1% rising
18 Madagascar 1.04 GPIA 2021 up 4.3% rising
19 Tuvalu 1.04 GPIA 2024 up 0.8% falling
20 Honduras 1.03 GPIA 2024 up 1.5% flat
21 Gibraltar 1.03 GPIA 2024 up 5.9% rising
22 Syria 1.03 GPIA 2024 up 6.9% rising
23 Cook Islands 1.03 GPIA 2024 up 4.8% flat
24 Croatia 1.03 GPIA 2023 up 1.7% flat
25 Myanmar 1.03 GPIA 2018 down 0.2% flat
26 Lesotho 1.03 GPIA 2017 down 0.1% falling
27 Saint Lucia 1.03 GPIA 2024 up 2.8% flat
28 Kuwait 1.03 GPIA 2012 up 2.3% flat
29 Malawi 1.03 GPIA 2023 up 4.2% rising
30 Ecuador 1.03 GPIA 2023 up 1.4% flat
31 Belgium 1.02 GPIA 2023 up 0.4% flat
32 Liberia 1.02 GPIA 2022 up 16.1% rising
33 El Salvador 1.02 GPIA 2024 up 3.7% rising
34 Ireland 1.02 GPIA 2022 up 1.9% flat
35 Côte d'Ivoire 1.02 GPIA 2024 up 14.9% rising
36 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.02 GPIA 2023 up 0.2% flat
37 China 1.02 GPIA 2024 up 0.3% rising
38 Mongolia 1.02 GPIA 2024 up 1.3% falling
39 Tonga 1.02 GPIA 2024 down 3.8% flat
40 Equatorial Guinea 1.02 GPIA 2015 up 8.5% rising
41 Sri Lanka 1.02 GPIA 2023 up 1.7% flat
42 Timor-Leste 1.02 GPIA 2020 up 1.5% flat
43 Anguilla 1.02 GPIA 2023 up 7.5% flat
44 Qatar 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 2.5% falling
45 Marshall Islands 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 1.4% flat
46 Lebanon 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 1.9% flat
47 San Marino 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 1.0% flat
48 Ukraine 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 0.2% flat
49 Argentina 1.01 GPIA 2023 down 0.3% flat
50 Cayman Islands 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 2.8% flat
51 Bahrain 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 0.7% falling
52 Monaco 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 1.2% flat
53 Puerto Rico 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 2.7% flat
54 Peru 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 4.1% flat
55 Micronesia (country) 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 8.7% flat
56 Montserrat 1.01 GPIA 2023 down 1.0% rising
57 Trinidad and Tobago 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 2.7% flat
58 Saudi Arabia 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 4.0% falling
59 Aruba 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 3.0% rising
60 Solomon Islands 1.01 GPIA 2023 up 2.2% rising
61 Norway 1.01 GPIA 2024 up 0.8% flat
62 Malaysia 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 3.4% flat
63 Kyrgyzstan 1.01 GPIA 2025 up 1.4% rising
64 Brunei Darussalam 1.01 GPIA 2023 down 2.2% flat
65 Oman 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 2.9% rising
66 Cyprus 1.01 GPIA 2024 down 0.2% flat
67 India 1 GPIA 2025 down 2.0% rising
68 Mauritius 1 GPIA 2024 down 0.0% flat
69 Iran 1 GPIA 2023 down 1.3% rising
70 Panama 1 GPIA 2023 up 1.3% flat
71 Montenegro 1 GPIA 2023 up 0.1% flat
72 Israel 1 GPIA 2024 up 0.0% flat
73 Jordan 1 GPIA 2024 down 1.6% flat
74 Canada 1 GPIA 2023 up 0.1% flat
75 North Macedonia 1 GPIA 2023 up 0.4% flat
76 Ghana 1 GPIA 2024 up 3.1% rising
77 Vanuatu 1 GPIA 2023 up 3.2% flat
78 Costa Rica 1 GPIA 2024 up 2.1% flat
79 France 1 GPIA 2024 up 0.5% flat
80 New Zealand 1 GPIA 2024 up 0.2% flat
81 Rwanda 1 GPIA 2024 down 2.3% rising
82 United States 1 GPIA 2022 up 1.1% flat
83 Seychelles 1 GPIA 2024 up 4.0% flat
84 Denmark 0.9999 GPIA 2024 up 0.7% flat
85 Latvia 0.9998 GPIA 2024 up 1.1% flat
86 Tunisia 0.9998 GPIA 2023 up 0.3% rising
87 Belarus 0.9998 GPIA 2024 down 0.1% flat
88 Czechia 0.9994 GPIA 2023 down 0.3% flat
89 Nepal 0.9992 GPIA 2024 down 6.4% rising
90 Switzerland 0.9991 GPIA 2024 up 0.2% flat
91 Iceland 0.999 GPIA 2023 up 0.1% flat
92 Palestine, State of 0.999 GPIA 2023 up 1.2% flat
93 Japan 0.9989 GPIA 2023 up 0.0% flat
94 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 0.9988 GPIA 2023 up 0.5% flat
95 Macao 0.9985 GPIA 2024 down 0.2% rising
96 Finland 0.9984 GPIA 2024 up 0.4% flat
97 Lithuania 0.9981 GPIA 2024 up 2.4% flat
98 Slovenia 0.998 GPIA 2023 down 0.1% flat
99 Republic of Korea 0.9978 GPIA 2024 up 0.3% flat
100 Spain 0.9977 GPIA 2024 down 0.1% flat
101 Cambodia 0.9975 GPIA 2024 up 2.4% rising
102 Egypt 0.9974 GPIA 2024 up 1.7% rising
103 Cape Verde 0.9972 GPIA 2022 down 2.9% flat
104 Bulgaria 0.9971 GPIA 2024 up 3.3% flat
105 Portugal 0.997 GPIA 2023 up 2.5% flat
106 Slovakia 0.9968 GPIA 2024 up 0.5% flat
107 Andorra 0.9967 GPIA 2024 up 2.2% flat
108 Singapore 0.996 GPIA 2023 up 0.2% flat
109 Türkiye 0.9954 GPIA 2023 down 2.1% rising
110 Thailand 0.9952 GPIA 2025 up 5.1% flat
111 Jamaica 0.995 GPIA 2024 down 0.6% flat
112 Azerbaijan 0.9949 GPIA 2024 up 1.2% rising
113 Austria 0.9949 GPIA 2024 up 0.3% flat
114 Estonia 0.9948 GPIA 2024 up 0.5% flat
115 United Arab Emirates 0.9946 GPIA 2024 down 0.9% flat
116 Uruguay 0.9941 GPIA 2023 down 0.7% flat
117 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.9941 GPIA 2025 up 5.1% rising
118 Germany 0.9939 GPIA 2024 up 0.8% flat
119 Malta 0.9939 GPIA 2023 down 1.3% flat
120 Albania 0.9936 GPIA 2024 up 1.5% flat
121 Hungary 0.9936 GPIA 2024 up 0.7% flat
122 Nicaragua 0.9926 GPIA 2023 up 1.1% flat
123 Paraguay 0.9915 GPIA 2024 up 0.3% flat
124 Botswana 0.9912 GPIA 2022 down 0.1% falling
125 Zimbabwe 0.991 GPIA 2013 up 1.8% flat
126 Georgia 0.9906 GPIA 2024 up 5.7% flat
127 Greece 0.9897 GPIA 2023 up 1.5% flat
128 Brazil 0.9894 GPIA 2024 up 2.0% flat
129 Italy 0.9889 GPIA 2023 down 0.0% flat
130 Bahamas 0.9886 GPIA 2024 down 1.8% rising
131 Romania 0.9885 GPIA 2023 up 0.6% flat
132 Dominican Republic 0.9884 GPIA 2024 up 5.7% flat
133 Republic of Moldova 0.9882 GPIA 2024 down 0.9% flat
134 Australia 0.9881 GPIA 2024 up 3.7% flat
135 Colombia 0.9871 GPIA 2022 down 1.6% flat
136 Nigeria 0.9871 GPIA 2023 up 2.6% rising
137 Luxembourg 0.9867 GPIA 2024 down 1.6% flat
138 Belize 0.9865 GPIA 2024 up 0.5% flat
139 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 0.9853 GPIA 2024 up 1.8% flat
140 Guyana 0.9843 GPIA 2024 down 2.0% flat
141 Angola 0.9842 GPIA 2023 up 53.0% rising
142 Sao Tome and Principe 0.9841 GPIA 2017 down 3.9% flat
143 Palau 0.9833 GPIA 2024 up 3.0% rising
144 Netherlands 0.9832 GPIA 2023 up 0.3% flat
145 Guatemala 0.983 GPIA 2024 up 4.8% rising
146 Poland 0.983 GPIA 2024 down 0.6% flat
147 Samoa 0.9825 GPIA 2023 down 1.1% flat
148 Kazakhstan 0.9812 GPIA 2025 down 2.0% flat
149 Armenia 0.981 GPIA 2024 up 0.7% flat
150 Namibia 0.9808 GPIA 2024 down 0.5% flat
151 Philippines 0.9805 GPIA 2024 down 2.9% falling
152 Russian Federation 0.9804 GPIA 2023 down 3.0% flat
153 Barbados 0.9803 GPIA 2024 up 0.4% flat
154 Uzbekistan 0.979 GPIA 2025 down 1.3% flat
155 Cuba 0.979 GPIA 2024 up 4.2% flat
156 British Virgin Islands 0.978 GPIA 2024 up 3.0% flat
157 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.9763 GPIA 2024 down 0.2% flat
158 Indonesia 0.9755 GPIA 2025 down 1.3% flat
159 Kenya 0.9741 GPIA 2023 down 1.9% flat
160 Niue 0.9727 GPIA 2024 down 7.3% flat
161 Comoros 0.9722 GPIA 2022 up 9.0% rising
162 Hong Kong 0.9721 GPIA 2024 down 0.1% flat
163 Liechtenstein 0.9716 GPIA 2021 down 2.1% falling
164 Sudan 0.9707 GPIA 2019 up 11.2% rising
165 Kiribati 0.9701 GPIA 2024 down 6.8% flat
166 Morocco 0.9693 GPIA 2024 up 4.0% rising
167 Niger 0.9681 GPIA 2024 up 16.8% rising
168 Grenada 0.9668 GPIA 2024 up 1.2% falling
169 Chile 0.966 GPIA 2024 down 0.7% flat
170 Libya 0.966 GPIA 2006 down 4.8% flat
171 Pakistan 0.9655 GPIA 2024 up 16.1% rising
172 Tokelau 0.9643 GPIA 2025 up 6.0% falling
173 Viet Nam 0.9608 GPIA 2023 down 0.7% flat
174 Algeria 0.957 GPIA 2024 up 1.8% rising
175 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.955 GPIA 2024 up 9.7% falling
176 South Africa 0.9543 GPIA 2023 down 2.6% flat
177 Ethiopia 0.951 GPIA 2023 up 1.9% rising
178 Serbia 0.9499 GPIA 2024 down 4.9% flat
179 Fiji 0.9494 GPIA 2024 down 2.5% falling
180 Togo 0.9483 GPIA 2023 up 3.3% rising
181 Papua New Guinea 0.9424 GPIA 2023 up 2.8% rising
182 Tajikistan 0.9371 GPIA 2024 up 1.4% rising
183 Antigua and Barbuda 0.9352 GPIA 2023 down 0.4% flat
184 Eswatini 0.9313 GPIA 2016 up 2.3% falling
185 Mozambique 0.9285 GPIA 2017 up 8.8% rising
186 Benin 0.9248 GPIA 2022 up 8.8% rising
187 Mali 0.9195 GPIA 2023 up 8.3% rising
188 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.9152 GPIA 2023 down 5.4% falling
189 Cameroon 0.9109 GPIA 2023 up 5.3% rising
190 Dominica 0.9014 GPIA 2023 down 1.8% falling
191 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.8927 GPIA 2021 up 7.3% rising
192 Yemen 0.8481 GPIA 2016 up 22.5% rising
193 Chad 0.8444 GPIA 2024 up 15.3% rising
194 Eritrea 0.8394 GPIA 2022 up 2.5% rising
195 Suriname 0.8244 GPIA 2022 down 18.3% falling
196 Guinea 0.8136 GPIA 2014 up 12.7% rising
197 Iraq 0.8072 GPIA 2007 up 3.4% flat
198 Central African Republic 0.773 GPIA 2016 up 9.7% rising
199 Afghanistan 0.7677 GPIA 2023 up 13.5% rising

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, adjusted gender by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 30 August 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-and-lower-secondary-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)
Coverage
420 places, 10,306 data points, 1985–2025
Last refreshed

February 2026 Data Release