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Gross enrolment ratio, lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI) by country

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates...

Countries reporting
188
Highest
1.32 GPI
Lesotho
Lowest
0.5844 GPI
Chad
Median
0.9976 GPI
Years covered
40
1981–2020
Data points
4,598

What the numbers show

Gross enrolment ratio, lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI) is currently reported for 188 countries. The highest value is 1.32 GPI in Lesotho; the lowest is 0.5844 GPI in Chad.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.9976 GPI, and the mean is 0.9879 GPI.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.

Over the past decade 117 countries rose and 70 fell. The largest increase was in Burundi (up 68.1%), and the largest decrease in Angola (down 29.0%).

Gross enrolment ratio, lower secondary, gender parity index: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Lesotho 1.32 GPI 2017 down 3.4% flat
2 Bangladesh 1.27 GPI 2019 up 8.0% rising
3 Burundi 1.26 GPI 2019 up 68.1% rising
4 Rwanda 1.18 GPI 2019 up 19.8% rising
5 Senegal 1.18 GPI 2019 up 42.0% rising
6 Gambia 1.14 GPI 2019 up 13.5% rising
7 Suriname 1.14 GPI 2019 up 2.3% flat
8 Nauru 1.14 GPI 2019 up 9.9% flat
9 Bhutan 1.13 GPI 2020 up 5.4% rising
10 Micronesia (country) 1.12 GPI 2019 up 12.8% flat
11 Cambodia 1.12 GPI 2019 up 17.2% rising
12 Burkina Faso 1.11 GPI 2019 up 42.6% rising
13 Sao Tome and Principe 1.11 GPI 2017 down 2.3% falling
14 Tuvalu 1.11 GPI 2019 up 9.1% rising
15 Mexico 1.11 GPI 2018 up 2.4% rising
16 Tanzania 1.11 GPI 2019 up 35.0% rising
17 Kiribati 1.1 GPI 2017 down 2.3% flat
18 Philippines 1.08 GPI 2018 up 1.5% flat
19 Nicaragua 1.07 GPI 2010 down 5.4% falling
20 East Timor 1.07 GPI 2019 up 6.3% rising
21 Bahrain 1.06 GPI 2019 up 7.4% flat
22 Namibia 1.06 GPI 2017 down 7.3% falling
23 Honduras 1.06 GPI 2019 down 11.7% falling
24 Madagascar 1.06 GPI 2019 up 10.4% rising
25 Mauritania 1.05 GPI 2019 up 24.1% rising
26 Ireland 1.05 GPI 2018 up 2.6% flat
27 Myanmar 1.05 GPI 2018 up 6.9% rising
28 Djibouti 1.05 GPI 2020 up 24.9% rising
29 Venezuela 1.05 GPI 2017 down 2.8% falling
30 Solomon Islands 1.05 GPI 2018 up 14.6% rising
31 Paraguay 1.05 GPI 2012 up 4.1% flat
32 Comoros 1.05 GPI 2018 up 3.4% rising
33 Belgium 1.05 GPI 2018 up 1.6% falling
34 Puerto Rico 1.04 GPI 2018 up 2.3% flat
35 India 1.04 GPI 2019 up 5.1% rising
36 Marshall Islands 1.04 GPI 2019 up 1.9% flat
37 Cayman Islands 1.04 GPI 2018 down 1.6% flat
38 Croatia 1.04 GPI 2018 up 0.8% rising
39 South Africa 1.04 GPI 2018 up 4.5% falling
40 Samoa 1.04 GPI 2019 down 0.2% flat
41 Tunisia 1.04 GPI 2018 up 3.7% rising
42 Albania 1.04 GPI 2019 up 0.2% flat
43 Zimbabwe 1.03 GPI 2013 up 10.8% rising
44 Bahamas 1.03 GPI 2018 up 5.8% rising
45 Vietnam 1.03 GPI 2019 up 4.1% rising
46 Palestine 1.03 GPI 2019 down 0.9% flat
47 Botswana 1.03 GPI 2015 down 2.4% falling
48 Equatorial Guinea 1.03 GPI 2015 up 28.4% rising
49 Palau 1.03 GPI 2014 up 11.8% rising
50 Nepal 1.03 GPI 2019 up 5.4% rising
51 Vanuatu 1.03 GPI 2015 down 1.9% flat
52 Ghana 1.02 GPI 2019 up 11.8% rising
53 Armenia 1.02 GPI 2019 up 3.8% flat
54 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.02 GPI 2016 up 4.2% falling
55 Aruba 1.02 GPI 2012 up 2.3% flat
55 Malaysia 1.02 GPI 2019 down 0.0% flat
57 Fiji 1.02 GPI 2019 down 3.1% falling
58 Colombia 1.02 GPI 2018 down 5.4% falling
59 Bermuda 1.02 GPI 2015 down 5.3% flat
60 Uruguay 1.02 GPI 2018 down 5.1% falling
61 Montenegro 1.02 GPI 2019 down 0.2% flat
62 Congo 1.02 GPI 2012 up 34.1% rising
63 Dominican Republic 1.01 GPI 2019 down 1.7% falling
64 Israel 1.01 GPI 2018 down 0.7% flat
65 Barbados 1.01 GPI 2019 up 5.7% rising
66 Ecuador 1.01 GPI 2018 up 4.2% rising
67 Panama 1.01 GPI 2017 down 0.4% flat
68 Seychelles 1.01 GPI 2019 down 0.7% flat
69 Costa Rica 1.01 GPI 2019 up 0.9% falling
70 Indonesia 1.01 GPI 2018 down 0.4% rising
71 Canada 1.01 GPI 2018 up 3.2% flat
72 Sweden 1.01 GPI 2018 up 1.3% flat
73 Brazil 1.01 GPI 2011 down 2.1% flat
74 Jamaica 1.01 GPI 2019 up 1.2% flat
75 China 1.01 GPI 2010 up 9.5% rising
76 Kazakhstan 1.01 GPI 2019 up 1.5% flat
77 Kenya 1.01 GPI 2016 up 6.6% flat
78 Turkey 1.01 GPI 2018 up 10.5% rising
79 Guyana 1.01 GPI 2012 up 1.6% falling
80 Cape Verde 1.01 GPI 2018 down 7.8% falling
81 Ukraine 1.01 GPI 2014 up 0.4% flat
82 Sierra Leone 1.01 GPI 2019 up 22.7% rising
83 Belarus 1.01 GPI 2018 up 0.7% flat
84 Grenada 1 GPI 2018 up 2.9% flat
85 Iceland 1 GPI 2018 up 0.2% flat
86 Turks and Caicos Islands 1 GPI 2018 down 12.8% falling
87 Georgia 1 GPI 2019 down 1.5% falling
88 Eswatini 1 GPI 2016 up 0.7% falling
89 Slovenia 1 GPI 2018 up 0.7% flat
90 Estonia 1 GPI 2018 up 5.6% flat
91 Czechia 1 GPI 2018 up 0.5% flat
92 Trinidad and Tobago 0.9986 GPI 2009 down 6.5% flat
93 San Marino 0.9979 GPI 2019 up 5.3% flat
94 North Macedonia 0.9976 GPI 2018 up 1.8% flat
95 Austria 0.9976 GPI 2018 up 0.3% flat
96 Switzerland 0.9971 GPI 2018 down 3.3% flat
97 South Korea 0.9971 GPI 2018 up 1.5% flat
98 Jordan 0.997 GPI 2019 down 1.4% flat
99 New Zealand 0.9967 GPI 2018 up 1.0% flat
100 Tonga 0.9954 GPI 2015 up 2.9% falling
101 Egypt 0.9952 GPI 2019 down 2.0% rising
102 Serbia 0.995 GPI 2019 down 0.3% flat
103 Kuwait 0.9948 GPI 2012 up 4.7% flat
104 Libya 0.9941 GPI 2006 up 0.2% flat
105 Hong Kong 0.9936 GPI 2019 up 0.3% flat
106 Brunei 0.9934 GPI 2019 up 6.9% flat
107 Argentina 0.9932 GPI 2017 down 6.3% flat
108 Sri Lanka 0.9931 GPI 2018 down 1.8% falling
109 France 0.9914 GPI 2018 down 0.2% flat
110 Azerbaijan 0.9914 GPI 2019 up 2.1% flat
111 Cyprus 0.9911 GPI 2018 down 0.9% flat
112 Russia 0.9909 GPI 2018 down 2.4% flat
113 Poland 0.9907 GPI 2018 up 0.8% flat
114 Kyrgyzstan 0.9899 GPI 2019 down 1.0% flat
115 Hungary 0.9898 GPI 2018 up 0.9% flat
116 United States 0.989 GPI 2018 down 0.4% flat
117 Slovakia 0.9885 GPI 2018 up 0.2% flat
118 Mongolia 0.9855 GPI 2018 down 6.4% falling
119 Spain 0.985 GPI 2018 down 2.4% flat
120 Latvia 0.9846 GPI 2018 up 3.9% flat
121 Finland 0.9831 GPI 2018 down 1.3% flat
122 Macao 0.9825 GPI 2019 up 2.8% flat
123 Norway 0.9818 GPI 2018 down 0.9% flat
124 Moldova 0.9801 GPI 2019 down 0.9% flat
125 United Arab Emirates 0.9797 GPI 2017 up 0.2% flat
126 Denmark 0.9789 GPI 2018 down 5.1% flat
127 Portugal 0.9778 GPI 2018 up 0.1% falling
128 Romania 0.9773 GPI 2018 down 1.3% flat
129 Uzbekistan 0.9764 GPI 2019 down 2.5% flat
130 United Kingdom 0.9763 GPI 2018 up 0.9% flat
131 Belize 0.9759 GPI 2019 down 6.0% flat
132 El Salvador 0.9758 GPI 2018 down 1.2% flat
133 Saudi Arabia 0.9756 GPI 2019 up 11.1% rising
134 Bulgaria 0.9749 GPI 2018 up 2.8% flat
135 Tajikistan 0.9733 GPI 2017 up 6.9% rising
136 Germany 0.9727 GPI 2018 down 2.2% flat
137 Chile 0.9722 GPI 2018 down 1.1% flat
138 Sudan 0.9718 GPI 2017 up 12.5% rising
139 Lithuania 0.9709 GPI 2018 down 0.9% flat
140 Zambia 0.9706 GPI 2017 up 9.2% rising
141 Italy 0.9664 GPI 2018 down 0.6% flat
142 Mauritius 0.9661 GPI 2019 down 5.0% flat
143 Iran 0.9653 GPI 2017 up 9.0% rising
144 Syria 0.9648 GPI 2013 up 3.5% rising
145 Saint Lucia 0.9638 GPI 2019 up 1.6% falling
146 Malta 0.9609 GPI 2018 down 4.1% flat
147 Luxembourg 0.96 GPI 2018 down 4.1% falling
148 Netherlands 0.9589 GPI 2018 up 0.3% flat
149 Laos 0.9588 GPI 2019 up 17.3% rising
150 Gibraltar 0.9564 GPI 2019 down 4.1% flat
151 Greece 0.9564 GPI 2018 up 4.7% falling
152 Liberia 0.9437 GPI 2017 up 21.6% rising
153 Bolivia 0.9429 GPI 2018 down 3.1% flat
154 British Virgin Islands 0.9397 GPI 2018 down 14.0% flat
155 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.9383 GPI 2018 down 8.8% falling
156 Mozambique 0.9383 GPI 2017 up 28.6% rising
157 Dominica 0.9367 GPI 2019 down 7.0% falling
158 Oman 0.9347 GPI 2019 up 3.7% rising
159 Peru 0.9345 GPI 2019 down 6.3% flat
160 Cuba 0.929 GPI 2019 down 5.3% falling
161 Algeria 0.9249 GPI 2011 down 0.0% rising
162 Australia 0.9215 GPI 2018 — falling
163 Nigeria 0.9214 GPI 2016 up 10.9% rising
164 Thailand 0.9211 GPI 2019 down 9.1% falling
165 Qatar 0.9173 GPI 2019 up 9.4% rising
166 Guatemala 0.908 GPI 2019 down 1.8% rising
167 Liechtenstein 0.9063 GPI 2018 down 8.5% falling
168 Eritrea 0.8934 GPI 2018 up 22.5% rising
169 Ethiopia 0.8926 GPI 2017 up 31.3% rising
170 Mali 0.8917 GPI 2018 up 33.0% rising
171 Morocco 0.8893 GPI 2019 up 7.7% rising
172 Pakistan 0.8834 GPI 2019 up 12.0% rising
173 Cameroon 0.8767 GPI 2016 up 10.1% rising
174 Antigua and Barbuda 0.8715 GPI 2018 up 1.3% flat
175 Benin 0.8481 GPI 2016 up 47.5% rising
176 Maldives 0.8462 GPI 2019 down 23.5% falling
177 Cote d'Ivoire 0.8235 GPI 2019 up 21.1% rising
178 Malawi 0.8176 GPI 2019 down 8.2% rising
179 Togo 0.7835 GPI 2017 up 36.7% rising
180 Niger 0.7661 GPI 2017 up 19.6% rising
181 Yemen 0.7446 GPI 2016 up 45.1% rising
182 Iraq 0.7291 GPI 2007 up 17.1% rising
183 Central African Republic 0.6963 GPI 2017 up 0.5% rising
184 Guinea 0.6665 GPI 2014 up 39.4% rising
185 Democratic Republic of Congo 0.6636 GPI 2015 up 13.3% rising
186 Angola 0.5957 GPI 2016 down 29.0% falling
187 Afghanistan 0.5861 GPI 2018 up 29.2% rising
188 Chad 0.5844 GPI 2019 up 30.6% rising

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Gross enrolment ratio, lower secondary, gender parity index by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 27 August 2026, from https://education.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-lower-secondary-gender-parity-index-gpi/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
233 places, 4,598 data points, 1981–2020
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.